Targeted therapy is a new method introduced in recent years, what does it mean? The growth of tumor depends on the generation of tumor blood vessels and the supply of nutrition, and the tumor needs new blood vessels to provide nutrition when it grows to a certain size. First question: You mentioned that targeted therapy for kidney cancer has been developed in the past few years, what are its advantages? Targeted therapy is a new method introduced in recent years, what does it mean? The growth of tumor depends on the generation of tumor blood vessels and the supply of nutrients. VEGF, PDGF, etc. are the genes of vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Most of the targeted therapies target angiogenesis, blocking an important gene of angiogenesis, after which angiogenesis is stopped and tumor growth is stopped. The effect of targeted therapy is still certain, because kidney cancer is not sensitive to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the only means is surgery. In the past, biological therapy, such as interferon, interleukin II, etc., were used if they were not sensitive, but these drugs are useful in large doses, but they have side effects and many patients cannot tolerate them, so some new methods are constantly researched and explored. Effective is tumor shrinkage, tumor disappearance, tumor stability without development, and the efficiency can reach 70-80%. At present, adjuvant targeted therapy is also used for post-operative patients with higher tumor stage, in order to reduce the recurrence rate of tumor. Second question: Are there any side effects of targeted therapy? There are several drugs in targeted therapy. The first-line drugs related to kidney cancer listed in China are Doxorubicin and Sotan, and the second-line drugs are Everolimus, which are available in all major hospitals in China. At present, there are also some targeted drugs, such as pazopanib and axitinib, which will be marketed in China soon. There are several side effects of targeted drugs, one is hand-foot syndrome, dry and peeling skin of hands and feet. In addition, some patients develop hypertension, diarrhea, and rash. Some patients may experience blood cell changes, liver and kidney damage, and other adverse effects. If a few patients have grade 3 or 4 side effects when they are not tolerated, they can stop the drug for a period of time or reduce the dosage, and then increase the dosage or treat with the drug again after the side effects recover. Third question: Regarding the treatment methods of kidney cancer, what is the level of overall treatment effect of kidney cancer in our country? The overall five-year survival rate of kidney cancer is about 60% to 70%, and the ten-year survival rate is more than 50%. In the case of late stage metastatic kidney cancer, the natural condition of kidney cancer is usually within one year. For patients with metastases that cannot be removed, targeted therapy can extend the life of patients by one year, two or three years, or even three or four years. Especially for patients whose primary tumor has been removed, using targeted therapy can achieve very good results. Q4: Is it better to combine targeted therapy and biological therapy or to treat them separately? There are clinical studies in this area. The combination of targeted therapy and biologic therapy is more effective than alone, but of course, there are more side effects. The combination of targeted therapy and chemotherapy drugs can be tried to see if the effect is better. Fifth question: Some netizens mentioned whether kidney cancer is very easy to recur? The recurrence rate of kidney cancer is not as high as that of bladder cancer, and a considerable number of patients may have recurrence after kidney cancer surgery, because it is cancer after all. However, for early stage kidney cancer, radical surgery or partial nephrectomy can achieve cure, but for patients with advanced stage or high risk of metastasis, their survival is relatively poorer because of lymph node metastasis or lung or liver metastasis.