Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy cause pediatric retinopathy? Many doctors and parents have this question. We can clearly tell you that normal hyperbaric oxygen cannot cause pediatric retinopathy. Retinopathy is a kind of retinal proliferative lesion that occurs in premature and low weight infants. Due to the immaturity of retinal development in premature and low weight infants, they are particularly sensitive to high concentration of oxygen, such as high concentration of oxygen inhalation for a long period of time, which causes a series of lesions caused by endothelial damage of retinal blood vessels and is the main cause of blindness in children. The incidence is reported to be 10%-34% in Europe and the United States, and 19% in Taiwan, mostly in critically preterm and low birth weight infants with poor respiratory function, but rarely in normal newborns. Two conditions are required to cause vasoproliferative lesions in the retina: 1) prematurity and low birth weight (especially <32 weeks of gestation, weight <2000g); 2) long time high concentration of pure oxygen inhalation (continuous pure oxygen inhalation every day for many days), although hyperbaric oxygen is also high concentration of pure oxygen inhalation, but each oxygen infusion time is only 60-80 minutes, and the treatment targets are mostly full-term infants Although hyperbaric oxygen is also inhaled at high concentrations, the duration of each oxygen infusion is only 60-80 minutes, and the subjects are mostly full-term infants or preterm infants and low birth weight infants with corrected gestational age. Oxygen therapy for preterm and low birth weight infants is usually administered intermittently, and oxygen saturation should be stopped when the standard has been reached. The pressure and duration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy are lower in preterm and low weight infants than in normal children. Clinical studies have found that hyperbaric oxygen has good effect on retinal pathology (such as inflammation, arteriovenous obstruction, injury), optic papillopathy (inflammation, atrophy, ischemia), and ocular trauma. Therefore, routine fundus retinal examination is essential for premature infants, low birth weight infants and newborns with a history of oxygen therapy resuscitation for early detection and treatment. In full-term or corrected gestational age preterm and low birth weight infants, normal hyperbaric oxygen therapy is unlikely to result in retinopathy.