Maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis can be used to correct maxillofacial deformities by lengthening, expanding, and modifying the jawbone. The technique is easy to perform and has a low chance of complications. The traction gap generally does not require bone grafting, and the soft tissues around the traction bone such as skin, muscles, tendons, blood vessels and nerves can be lengthened and expanded at the same time as the bone traction. With the traction device, the bone tissue can be lengthened by about 1 mm per day, and new bone is continuously formed in the traction gap. Another advantage of this technique is that it can be performed in children and even in infancy, avoiding secondary abnormalities of other facial structures in adulthood. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a technique in which new bone is formed in the osteotomy space by slow traction with a traction device after the bone has been cut open to achieve bone lengthening. It is also referred to in the literature as osteotraction, osteotomy, osteotomy, and osteolengthening. Although this technique was originally applied to the lower extremity bones, many of these experiences from extremity bone traction have now been successfully applied to the correction of craniofacial bone deformities, and the start of treatment can be brought forward to early childhood for patients. Compared with traditional treatment methods such as osteotomy, autologous bone grafting, allogeneic bone grafting, and biomaterial implantation, this technique has great potential and broad application for the correction of craniofacial deformities because it has the advantages of less surgical trauma, fewer secondary lesions, no bone grafting, and simultaneous expansion of the soft tissues around the traction bone. There are three types of traction osteogenesis: single-ended, double-ended and triple-ended. Traction osteogenesis is usually divided into four phases: 1. osteotomy, 2. interval, 3. traction and 4. fixation. The quality of new bone formation in the traction zone during traction osteogenesis depends on the degree of fixation of the bone segment, the degree of damage to the bone marrow and periosteal soft tissues and blood supply, the speed and frequency of traction, and the appropriate calcification and reconstruction period before weight-bearing of the new bone, while the direction of the osteotomy line and traction force determine the direction and shape of new bone formation. Indications for traction osteogenesis in craniomaxillofacial surgery: hemifacial hypoplasia, small mandibular deformity caused by temporomandibular joint ankylosis, small mandibular deformity with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, traction osteogenesis for jaw bone loss, vertical traction osteogenesis for partial jaw bone loss or alveolar bone loss, traction osteogenesis for bone graft, arch expansion treatment for narrow upper and lower dental arches, severe maxillary recession deformity secondary to cleft palate Traction osteogenesis orthopedic treatment and traction osteogenesis anterior migration of severe craniofacial hypoplasia, such as crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome, etc. Due to the complex three-dimensional structure of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton, a thorough preoperative design is especially important to achieve ideal traction results, including the selection of the type of retractor, the position of retractor placement, the determination of the position and direction of the osteotomy line, whether it will cause damage to the teeth or dental embryos, the line of retractor, the adjustment of the angular distance, the distance, speed and frequency of traction, and the determination of the length of the fixation period. This article also describes several aspects of the surgical operation, common postoperative problems and their treatment. The jaw traction osteogenesis technique has theoretically broken through the concept of traditional surgical treatment, and its clinical application has made significant new progress. The osteotomy method, traction device design and placement, and traction method have formed a new technology with milestone significance in the history of maxillofacial surgery and plastic surgery. The seven conditions treated include: severe maxillary hypoplasia secondary to cleft palate; hemifacial hypoplasia; micromaxillary deformity with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; temporomandibular joint ankylosis; jaw bone loss after tumor resection; alveolar bone loss; and severe narrowing of the maxillofacial arch. Among them, traction osteogenesis reconstruction of jaw defects and traction osteogenesis correction of severe maxillary hypoplasia secondary to cleft palate are the first reports in the international arena. The traction osteogenesis for hemifacial hypoplasia, traction osteogenesis for maxillary arch narrowing, and vertical traction for partial loss of alveolar bone and jaw bone are the first reports in China. This method reduces surgical trauma and risk, and its therapeutic effect is unattainable by conventional surgery. Traction osteogenesis is a technique for lengthening partially or completely severed bone segments by progressive traction with a mechanical device to promote the formation of new bone between the traction gaps to correct bone deformities. It is superior to traditional orthognathic surgery in the treatment of various congenital and acquired jaw deformities and defects.