Minimally invasive interventions for spinal vertebral tumors The lesions currently treated by cement injection include: 1) spinal vertebral hemangioma; 2) spinal metastases; 3) spinal myeloma; 4) spinal aneurysm and bone cyst; 5) eosinophilic granuloma; 6) spinal compression fractures in the elderly. The spine is composed of 33 vertebrae, and as the “pillar” of the human body, it not only carries the weight of the body, but also serves to cushion oscillations, protect the spinal cord and thoracic and abdominal organs. The incidence of spinal tumors is high, with primary tumors of the spine accounting for 10% of all bone tumors in the body, while the incidence of metastatic tumors of the spine is relatively higher. This shows that spinal tumors have a high incidence of population, and the problem of diagnosis and treatment cannot be ignored. With the rapid development of modern imaging medicine, including multilayer spiral computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission computed tomography (PETCT), most spinal tumors can be effectively detected by these methods. The anatomical structure of the spine is complex and there are many important organs in the vicinity, so once a tumor occurs, the disability and mortality rates are relatively high and traditional treatment is very difficult. In the past 20 years, interventional medicine has flourished worldwide, and the exploration of interventional treatment for spinal tumors has achieved certain success. Interventional methods for spinal tumors include the following: local perfusion therapy with tumor arterial cannulation, tumor artery embolization, percutaneous vertebroplasty, percutaneous kyphoplasty, and radioactive particle placement. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty are the most popular methods used by physicians and patients in clinical practice. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), commonly known as cement injection therapy, was invented by French radiologists Galibert and Deramond. The first case in the world was a cervical hemangioma, and the patient presented with unbearable pain, which was completely relieved by cement treatment. The technique was then gradually expanded worldwide. Another technique developed on the basis of PVP is percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), which is a new technique in which a fine needle is inserted through the skin into the diseased vertebral body under local anesthesia guided by high-definition imaging equipment, and biomaterial (bone cement) is injected into the diseased vertebral body under real-time fluoroscopy to increase the compressive strength of the vertebral body, improve spinal stability, relieve and eliminate pain, and prevent the occurrence and development of vertebral body collapse. A new technology. The PKP technique involves percutaneous puncture of the vertebral body with a balloon or spreader to elevate the compressed vertebral body and then inject the bone cement into the diseased vertebral body under fluoroscopy under the guidance of imaging equipment. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice and have achieved satisfactory clinical results, with pain relief rates of over 90% for osteoporotic fractures and over 85% for tumor fractures, and over 90% of patients are out of bed after 2 days postoperatively. PVP is performed under local anesthesia, guided by high-definition DSA or CT images, and inserted through the skin and pedicle with a bone penetrating needle into the fractured vertebrae, and injected with medical bone cement, which sets in 15 minutes. According to the current research, the treatment principle of PVP surgery has the following three aspects: firstly, the bone cement stabilizes and strengthens the vertebral body, secondly, the liquid state becomes solid by releasing heat, the temperature can reach 80℃, destroying the “pain receptors” and tumor tissues, and it is also believed that the toxic effect of the bone cement can kill the tumor cells. The immediate therapeutic effect of PVP procedure is mainly due to these three therapeutic effects. Which patients are suitable for PVP surgery? The lesions currently treated with bone cement include: 1) spinal vertebral hemangioma; 2) spinal metastases; 3) spinal myeloma; 4) spinal aneurysmal bone cyst; 5) eosinophilic granuloma; 6) elderly spinal compression fractures; and so on. Of course, there are some risks associated with PVP, such as paralysis if the spinal cord is punctured, and life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism and spinal cord compression if the bone cement is leaked, so interventional radiologists who perform PVP must undergo rigorous training before they can perform the procedure, To avoid complications.