1.Types of bladder tumors: according to the pathological type, that is, the tissue source, bladder tumors can be divided into the most common uroepithelial cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma, and the rare small cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, etc.; 2.Grading of bladder cancer: clinically, bladder cancer is usually divided into papillary tumor, low malignant tendency uroepithelial papillary tumor, low grade papillary uroepithelial carcinoma, and high grade papillary uroepithelial carcinoma according to the low to high malignancy; 3.Staging of bladder cancer: most of the TNM staging criteria are: Tis in situ; T . and high-grade papillary uroepithelial carcinoma; 3. Staging of bladder cancer: Mostly TNM staging criteria are used: Tis carcinoma in situ; T . T2: infiltrating the muscular layer, which is divided into T2a infiltrating the superficial muscular layer and T2b infiltrating the deep muscular layer; T3: infiltrating the fatty tissue around the bladder, which is divided into T3a microscopically detected tumor invading the tissues around the bladder; T3b visually visible tumor invading the tissues around the bladder; T4; infiltrating the prostate, uterus, vagina and pelvic wall and other adjacent organs. Lymph node metastasis was classified as Nx lymph node metastasis could not be evaluated, N1 single lymph node metastasis N2 multiple lymph node metastasis, N3 parietal lymph node metastasis of common iliac vessels. Distant metastasis: Mx could not be evaluated for distant metastasis, M0 no distant metastasis, M1 distant metastasis; 4. According to the clinical stage and pathology of the tumor and combined with the patient’s systemic condition, the appropriate surgical modality is selected. In principle, Ta, Tl and limited T2 stage tumors with better differentiation can be operated with bladder preservation. for T a, T 1: stage tumors, transurethral resection of bladder tumor is the main treatment method. If no electrodesection equipment is available, open bladder surgery can be performed. To prevent tumor recurrence, intra-vesical drug infusion therapy can be used after surgery. Commonly used drugs include mitomycin, adriamycin, tranexamicin and BCG, etc., which are infused once a week and changed to once a month after 8 times for 2 years. Larger, multiple, recurrent and poorly differentiated stage T2 and T3 tumors, as well as invasive squamous and adenocarcinoma, should be treated with total cystectomy along with urinary diversion. Non-controllable ileal cystectomy or colonic cystectomy etc. are usually used. Radical total cystectomy is the basic treatment for invasive bladder cancer. Stage T3 tumor with good differentiation and single limitation can be treated by partial cystectomy if the patient cannot tolerate total cystectomy, which can improve the patient’s life quality after surgery. Elderly and frail patients with advanced tumors who cannot tolerate larger surgery can undergo ureteroscopy, which is a simple operation and can solve the pain of bleeding in advanced bladder cancer, but the ureteral opening is prone to stenosis. For some advanced bladder cancer patients with distant metastases or multiple lymph node metastases that cannot be treated surgically, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are feasible, and the first-line clinical treatment is mainly the GC program. Radiotherapy also has certain efficacy, but the overall effect is worse than surgical treatment. Early stage bladder cancer has better prognosis, but it is easy to recur and needs regular review and follow-up. Late stage bladder cancer has worse prognosis, and the treatment effect varies from person to person, what we need to do is to try to achieve early detection and early treatment.