Pox rash generally refers to the herpes that appears as smallpox, caused by the smallpox virus that infects people and provides lifelong immunity after healing. Smallpox is the oldest and one of the infectious diseases with the highest mortality rate, highly contagious, with high mortality rate after contracting the disease, the most basic, effective and simple preventive method is to inoculate cowpox. The incubation period of smallpox is 5 to 15 days, with an average of about 12 days. After the patient is infected with smallpox virus, the virus first multiplies in the respiratory tract and then migrates to the regional lymph nodes, where it manifests itself as severe flu symptoms, including high fever, extreme malaise, headache and back pain. Batches of macules, papules, herpes and pustules appear, and eventually crust, peel and leave behind pockmark scars. Smallpox has largely disappeared worldwide and is very rare. If smallpox is suspected, it is recommended to seek medical attention, follow the doctor’s instructions for further examination, clarify the cause with the doctor’s help, and administer targeted treatment or therapy.