How much do you know about polycystic ovaries?

  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common clinical condition in gynecological endocrinology and has a large patient population in China. The etiology is still unclear, the diagnostic criteria are not uniform, the protocols for the use of therapeutic drugs are confusing, and there is a lack of reasonable prevention and control measures for long-term complications.  Do you have polycystic?  1, PCOS diagnostic criteria: (1) sporadic ovulation or anovulation; (2) clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenemia and/or hyperandrogenemia; (3) polycystic ovarian changes: ≥ 12 follicles of 2-9 mm in diameter in one or both ovaries, and/or ovarian volume ≥ 10 ml; 2 of the above 3, and exclude other causes of elevated androgen levels: congenital adrenal Cortical hyperplasia, Cushing’s syndrome, androgen-secreting tumors, and other disorders causing ovulation disorders such as hyperprolactinemia, premature ovarian failure and pituitary or hypothalamic amenorrhea, and abnormal thyroid function.  Let’s look at each of them.  (1) Sporadic ovulation or anovulation: Judgment criteria: failure to establish regular menstruation 2-3 years after menarche; amenorrhea (menopause for more than 3 previous menstrual cycles or ≥ 6 months); sporadic menstruation, i.e. those with ≥ 35d cycles and ≥ 3 months per year without ovulation; regular menstruation does not serve as evidence to determine the presence of ovulation; basal body temperature, ultrasound monitoring of ovulation, and progesterone determination in the second half of menstruation help to determine the presence of (2) Clinical manifestations of elevated androgen levels: acne, hirsutism.  (3) Biochemical indicators of elevated androgen levels: total testosterone, free testosterone index or free testosterone above the laboratory reference normal value; (4) Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovaries: ≥12 follicles of 2-9 mm diameter in one or both ovaries, and/or ovarian volume ≥10 ml.