Lumbar spine enlargement and decompression refers to lumbar spinal canal and root canal enlargement and decompression, and the indication is mainly for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms and conservative treatment is ineffective for more than 3 months. Lumbar spinal canal enlargement decompression surgery can effectively reduce or alleviate the symptoms of lumbar spondylosis, the indications are mainly the existence of lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms of patients, the main clinical symptoms are lumbar and leg pain, and the emergence of intermittent claudication, and after more than three months of conservative treatment has no obvious effect, can be taken to decompression surgery treatment. Before decompression surgery, it is necessary to do a good job of preoperative preparation, first of all, clear positioning, mainly through the imaging examination to determine the location, and combined with the patient’s clinical symptoms to determine the plane of stenosis of the spinal canal and radicular canal, and also need to do the routine preoperative examination, to rule out contraindications to surgery. After lumbar spinal canal and root canal enlargement and decompression surgery, it is necessary to pay attention to regular review and observe the patient’s recovery.