Long head deformity, also known as navicular head deformity, is caused by early closure of the sagittal suture alone, and is the most common cephalic deformity in premature closure of the cranial suture, accounting for about 40% to 70% of cases. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are important for the prevention of this disease. Regular examination should be done during pregnancy, if the fetus has the tendency to develop abnormally, it should do the pre-pregnancy examination in time, and after clarification, it should perform abortion in time to avoid the birth of children with the disease. Surgery is the only effective method. The main purpose of surgery is to re-establish a new bony groove through bone suture reconstruction or craniotomy, so that the cranial cavity can be enlarged to ensure the normal development of the brain. The two basic aims of surgical treatment are to repair the normal anatomy of the skull and to capitalize on the strong impetus for brain development during the first year of infancy. Therefore, the timing of surgery is theoretically better the earlier the outcome. Surgery should be performed within 7 months of birth for a better prognosis. The later the surgery, the worse the outcome. It is generally believed that if the child’s health permits, surgery should be performed as early as possible after birth, in order to release the narrowed cranial cavity as soon as possible, so as to facilitate the development of brain tissue. If only 1~2 cranial sutures are ossified, surgery can be performed 4~6 weeks after birth; if more than one cranial suture is ossified and there is increased intracranial pressure, surgery should be performed 1 week after birth so as to have a chance of success. When optic nerve atrophy and intellectual disability appear, even if surgery is performed, the recovery of neurological function is not satisfactory. The prognosis of different types of cephalic malformations varies. With surgical treatment, their cephalic deformities can be corrected to different degrees. The cephalic deformity can disappear after surgery for navicular head deformity, and reoperation is rarely needed. Early surgery can prevent or reduce brain dysfunction. If timely and reasonable surgical treatment, most patients have a satisfactory prognosis, and their neurological dysfunction and cephalic deformity are improved, so the surgical effect has a great relationship with the surgical method. The prognosis of intelligent development is good for those who undergo surgery within 1 year, and those who undergo surgery later can also have significant improvement. Those operated on at an early age show significant improvement in cranial deformity, while those operated on after 2 years of age show little improvement. In conclusion, most of the patients have a good recovery after surgery, and they can go home 12-15 days after surgery without any special care, and resume normal life soon. However, there is a certain degree of danger in the operation, and the mortality rate of the operation is 2.5%, with the causes of death being postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, acute pulmonary edema, and meningitis.