Transmission of hepatitis B. HBV is mainly transmitted through blood and blood products, mother-to-child transmission, and sexual contact. Perinatal transmission is the main mode of mother-to-child transmission, mostly through contact with the blood of HBV-positive mothers during delivery. Transdermal mucosal transmission occurs mainly through the use of medical devices that are not strictly sterilized, syringes, invasive diagnostic and surgical procedures, and intravenous drug abuse. …… Sexual contact with HBV-positive people, especially those with multiple sexual partners, has a significantly higher risk of HBV infection. Due to the implementation of strict HBsAg screening for blood donors, HBV infections caused by blood transfusions or blood products have been less frequent. Daily work or life contact, such as working in the same office (including sharing office supplies such as computers), shaking hands, hugging, living in the same dormitory, eating in the same restaurant and sharing toilets, etc. without blood exposure, will not transmit HBV. transmission by blood-sucking insects (mosquitoes, bedbugs, etc.) has not been proven. And a lot of facts show that one spouse carries it, and the other spouse has not been infected with HBV after many years. Who needs hepatitis B vaccination? There are two priority groups for hepatitis B vaccination, one for newborns and one for adults. Nowadays, newborns are immunized under the immunization program, and the hepatitis B vaccine is given to newborns at birth to ensure that they will not get hepatitis B in the future. Adults need to undergo laboratory tests before receiving the vaccine, and the results of these tests should show that they are negative for hepatitis B virus surface antigen, surface antibody and core antibody, and that their transaminases are normal before they can receive the hepatitis B vaccine. However, generally speaking, for insurance purposes, anyone who has not been infected with the hepatitis B virus and has insufficient antibodies to hepatitis B should receive the hepatitis B vaccine. Groups such as household contacts of hepatitis B virus carriers, food service workers and childcare workers are especially in need of immunization. Hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B carriers are not required to receive the vaccine because they are already infected with the hepatitis B virus. What is the correct way to receive the hepatitis B vaccine? The hepatitis B vaccine is given in 3 doses, according to the 0, 1 and 6 months procedure, i.e. after the first dose, the second and third doses are given at intervals of 1 and 6 months. For newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be administered as early as possible within 24 hours after birth, and 10 μg of hepatitis B vaccine should be administered at different sites to significantly improve the effect of interrupting mother-to-child transmission, and the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine should be administered at intervals of 1 and 6 months, respectively. Children who have not received hepatitis B vaccine as newborns should receive a catch-up vaccination; for adults, 20 μg of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended. What should I pay attention to after receiving the hepatitis B vaccine? People who have received the hepatitis B vaccine should not take hepatitis lightly. The titer of hepatitis B surface antibody produced after vaccination is 10 mIU/ml or more to play an effective preventive role. The antibodies produced after hepatitis B vaccination can only prevent hepatitis B virus infection, but not viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A, C, D and E. At the same time, full vaccination against hepatitis B does not always prevent hepatitis B virus infection, and care should be taken to avoid contact with the excreta, blood and secretions of hepatitis B patients (not carriers). The protective antibodies produced after vaccination are not permanent and should be reinforced under the guidance of a doctor. The level of antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination may be high or low, and the duration may be long or short for each vaccine recipient.