It is an indisputable fact that prematurity affects the physical and intellectual development of children. According to statistics, 3% of surviving preterm infants have cerebral palsy, 7.8% have lower than normal intelligence, and the average intelligence level of the rest is significantly lower than that of normal children, while some children have different degrees of visual impairment, hearing impairment, motor impairment and learning difficulties. Research shows that “early intervention” can effectively promote the intellectual development of preterm children and greatly reduce the risk of mental retardation in preterm children. Early intervention is an organized, purposeful and enriching medical education activity that is conducted early in a child’s life. Through various measures, it is expected to improve the motor, fine motor, language and thinking skills of preterm children and to catch up with normal children. By “early”, we mean early intervention, early detection of problems, and early return to normal, reflecting the meaning of both time and timing of treatment. From the perspective of intervention time, it is important to intervene as soon as possible after the birth of a premature child, because infancy is the period of the fastest brain development and the strongest compensatory capacity of brain cells, and the intervention effect is best at this stage. At the level of timing of treatment, it is important to prevent problems before they occur and to intervene before the child shows any abnormalities. Just like vaccination, the goal is to prevent the child from developing diseases in the future. Otherwise, when the child does develop abnormal movement, mental retardation, learning difficulties, etc., it will not be possible to solve the problem with simple interventions, and even with considerable human, material and financial resources, it will not be possible to guarantee the return of the preterm child to normal. Therefore, children born prematurely must undergo early intervention from birth under the guidance of professional child health doctors to promote their optimal development. Intervention, first of all, must be clarified in its unique medical context. Intervention for preterm infants is a treatment aimed at promoting the physical and intellectual development of preterm infants and avoiding a series of risks. Experienced pediatricians conduct a comprehensive assessment of the development of preterm infants, and then develop a planned and purposeful promotion program based on the assessment results and supervise the implementation of the personnel involved. Intervention for preterm infants is very different from parenting education in some early childhood institutions, which is from an educational perspective and promotes the development of normal children. In contrast, for preterm children at high developmental risk, the concern is not only education, but also to give comprehensive attention to preterm children in all aspects of feeding, intellectual, psychological and physical development, and to integrate medical education to promote optimal development of preterm children.