Scarring is an inevitable product of trauma repair, and pathological scarring mainly includes two categories: proliferative scarring and keloid scarring. The deformities and dysfunctions caused by scar proliferation and contracture are often encountered in clinical practice and are tricky to solve. Since the occurrence of pathological scarring is a complex problem, the etiology is not yet clear and the clinical treatment is poor. The information on the treatment of proliferative keloid scars and keloids at home and abroad is reviewed as follows. I. Pharmacological treatment of scars By downregulating the mRNA of fibroblasts (FB), preventing FB proliferation, inhibiting collagen synthesis of FB and other cell proliferation can reduce the inflammatory response and the proliferation of scars. Such drugs include deferensone-A. Liu Wenge [1] reported in 1995 that after treatment of keloid scars with deferenson and other drug injections, the collagen fiber arrangement tended to be parallel but still tortuous under scanning electron microscopy. Compared to normal skin, the arrangement was more disordered and the collagen fiber bundles were slightly thinner than before injection. The changes of cell structure were shown under the lens as follows: intracellular mitochondria were reduced, some showed swelling, basal granules were dislodged, intercristal lumen and peripheral lumen were dilated; some membranes were ruptured, cristae were shortened and broken, and the network basal fluid of coarse and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was expanded into bundles; some disintegrated, Golgi complex was also reduced, partially atrophied or disintegrated, and most of intracellular microtubules and microfilaments were destroyed. It is shown that steroid hormones act by binding to receptors on the human FB. Other drugs, such as retinoic acid, reduce the growth rate and collagen synthesis of FB, and dextran sulfate has been found to inhibit the growth of FB in in vitro cultures. The treatment of scarring with Chinese medicine has recently received much attention with more positive efficacy [5]. Zhang Xuan [6] et al. studied the effect of the blood-activating drug Danshen on the morphology of proliferating scar or fibroblast cells in in vitro culture and found that Danshen could directly inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts on the one hand and affect the cytoskeleton of fibroblasts on the other hand, causing changes in cell morphology. Therefore, there is a prospect of clinical application for the treatment of hyperplastic scar with blood-activating herbal medicine mainly based on Salvia officinalis. Second, external irradiation treatment of scars The treatment of pathological scar with radionuclide 90Sr at home and abroad has achieved good results in clinical practice. β-radiation induced apoptosis of proliferative scar fibroblasts is one of the important mechanisms of radiation prevention and control of scar proliferation [6]. The results of the study showed that β-rays can inhibit the growth of proliferative scar fibroblasts in vitro and have a certain killing effect. As observed by transmission electron microscopy, the morphology of scar fibroblasts after 10Gy β-irradiation showed two stage changes of apoptosis: first, the cell volume became smaller, the nucleus and cytoplasm were concentrated, the nucleus was cleaved, the cell surface was blistered, and there were apoptotic vesicles formed; second, the apoptotic vesicles were engulfed, digested, and degraded by the surrounding cells. And the cells irradiated with 20Gy β-rays showed changes of cell necrosis such as edema, volume enlargement, rupture of cytoplasmic membrane, nuclear lysis, and release of cell contents. Yongneng Jiang [7] searched for the optimal time and effective dose of using 90Sr to treat scar by using radionuclide 90Sr acting on human hyperplastic scar and porcine wound healing model. III. Gene therapy for scars Gene therapy is the hope and challenge for the treatment of hyperplastic keloid and keloid scars [8]. Gene therapy is developing very rapidly as a new technology, and several modalities of gene therapy for tumors have been established with better efficacy. For keloids, many growth factors have only been found to be associated with trauma repair, and scarring is a manifestation of abnormal trauma repair. The understanding of its occurrence mechanism has not yet reached the genetic level, so it will take time to apply gene therapy to treat keloid scars. With the continuous development of science and technology, it is believed that we will have a new understanding of the mechanism of gene expression regulation of scar formation, and gene therapy for scar will be offered to the clinic as a new treatment method.