Knee replacement surgery should refer to artificial total knee replacement, any surgery may have risks, artificial total knee replacement is no exception, generally after strict preoperative assessment and standardized surgical operation, the risk of emergence may be smaller, not all people will appear, may appear infection, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism complications and other risks. If the patient himself has obesity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and long-term application of hormones and anticoagulant preparations, there is a possibility of infection, which refers to the propagation and growth of bacteria in the knee joint, leading to infection around the knee prosthesis; there is also a possibility of venous return problems in the leg after artificial total knee replacement, forming blood clots, and dislodgment of the embolisms can lead to pulmonary embolism. Artificial total knee replacement is a new technology for treating knee diseases that has been gradually developed after the successful application of artificial hip joints to patients in recent times, which can effectively eradicate the pain of advanced knee diseases and greatly improve the quality of life of patients. After artificial total knee replacement, antibiotics such as cefradine can be applied under the guidance of the doctor to prevent infection, and attention is paid to observing whether the patient’s limbs are swollen, and whether there is any abnormality in the skin, temperature, color, and sensation of the limb ends, so as to prevent thrombus from occurring. If postoperative patients experience discomfort, they should inform the doctor in time.