There are many reasons why children can’t see clearly, and cataracts are one of them, and cataracts are treatable with the current medical development. However, as a parent, it is crucial to be able to detect them in time. Congenital cataracts are also called “leukocoria”, which, as the name implies, means that the pupil area is white. But “cataract” is not just a congenital cataract, so how do we determine if a child has a congenital cataract and treat it in a timely manner? First of all, parents should pay attention to whether the child can see clearly or not. How can we determine the vision of a child who is small and cannot speak or cooperate with the examination? A full-term child already has the function of monocular gaze, and the infant will preferentially gaze at the human face, when you hold him, you will feel that he is gazing at your face, as the infant grows up, his eyes will move with the gaze, the infant will double the rapidly developing ability of tracking annotation at 6 months of age. For a 6-month-old baby you can use a toy that interests him and move the toy around to see if he can follow it. Take turns covering one eye when you observe your child’s vision to make it clear which eye is not seeing clearly, and notice if he has eye fluttering when he is looking, that is, he cannot fix his gaze. If the child cannot gaze, cannot follow the gaze, or there is a significant difference in vision between the two eyes, then you need to go to the hospital for an examination. In some children with more severe cases, parents can see with the naked eye that the child’s pupils are white and lightless, so it is even more important to go to the pediatric ophthalmology department for a detailed examination in a timely manner. There are various forms of congenital cataracts: band, nuclear, suture, subcapsular, polar, total cataract, membranous cataract, Mitondorf’s point, oil droplet cataract, “Christmas tree” cataract, and blue cataract. All types of congenital cataracts progress over time, but the degree of progression varies and so does the impact on vision. The greatest concern with childhood cataracts is the irreversible loss of vision secondary to the inability to form a focused image. Visual stimulation is essential for normal vision development, and from birth to age three is a critical period of visual maturation during which the visual system is vulnerable to external influences. Therefore, if the visual axis is obscured due to cataract, it will affect the development of vision and form amblyopia. Therefore, congenital cataracts should be treated in a timely manner. If a dense cataract in one or both eyes cannot be surgically removed within two months of birth, it will develop into irreversible amblyopia. Strabismus and nystagmus are signs of poor prognosis. Treatment of congenital cataracts depends on the size, denseness, and location of the clouding. Patients with small, peripheral clouding that does not significantly affect vision can be reviewed regularly to observe vision and apply medications that inhibit cataract development. For small central clouding (3 mm or less), pupil dilatation therapy combined with masking therapy can be performed. For patients who require long-acting dilating agents to maintain pupil dilation and have significantly improved vision, optical iridotomy can be considered. Cataracts with significant lens clouding, especially if the clouded area is located on the visual axis, should be treated with surgery as early as possible. The timing of surgery is critical, with the first two months of life being the most critical period for treatment. Surgical removal of cataracts within the first two months of life provides good visual acuity and stereopsis. Therefore, cataracts that require surgical treatment should be treated as early as possible. What distinguishes children with congenital cataracts from older cataracts is the post-operative optical correction; surgery is only the first step. Because the child’s eye is not yet mature, the development of vision continues and must be improved in order to develop useful visual functions. So there are various methods: frame glasses, corneal contact lenses, superficial keratoplasty, and IOL implantation. After vision correction, amblyopia training is required, which is a long and arduous but significant task for parents. The pediatric ophthalmologist cannot do without the cooperation of the parents, and the improvement of the child’s vision is the result of successful cooperation between the doctor and the parents.