Emphysema, also known as obstructive emphysema, is a pathological diagnosis that refers to a chronic lung disease in which the distal respiratory fine bronchioles of the lungs, including the respiratory fine bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli, have reduced airway elasticity and persistently contain abnormally high amounts of air, are overinflated, congested, and have an increased lung volume or are accompanied by a concomitant pathological state in which there is a destruction of the airway walls. Patients with emphysema can be asymptomatic for many years, with symptoms appearing mostly after the age of 50. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as coughing and exertional shortness of breath appear, at which time they need to consult a doctor, who determines emphysema by means of the emphysema staging system and the BODE index; emphysematous lesions are irreversible, and the purpose of the treatment is to slow down the development of emphysematous lesions, improve respiratory function, and increase the ability of the patient to work and live.