Cerebral hemorrhage is a non-traumatic bleeding caused by rupture of blood vessels in the brain parenchyma, accounting for 20%-30% of all strokes, mainly related to lesions of cerebral blood vessels, i.e. hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, aging of blood vessels, smoking, etc. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage often have sudden onset due to emotional agitation and effortful exertion, and the mortality rate is high. Most of the survivors are left with sequelae such as motor impairment, cognitive impairment, speech and swallowing disorders of different degrees, and they bring serious life hazards and pain to patients and great economic burden to families.
The severity of the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage is greatly related to the amount and location of bleeding. Generally speaking, the larger the bleeding volume, the more serious the condition; the deeper the site and the closer to the midline, the more serious the condition; from the point of view of symptoms, the longer and deeper the coma, the worse the prognosis.
So, how to prevent it in daily life?
1.Control high blood pressure
About 80% of patients with cerebral hemorrhage have hypertension. Therefore, the primary measure is early detection and timely treatment of hypertension. Once the elderly are diagnosed with hypertension, they should adhere to the medication treatment and regular review. Do not stop or change medication without permission in the process of taking medication.
2.Regulate emotions
Maintain an optimistic mood and avoid great joy or anger. Be calm, indifferent to fame and fortune, and happy with what you have. If people are emotionally peaceful, it will not cause blood pressure to rise, thus reducing the chance of cerebral hemorrhage.
3, light diet
In the diet, the elderly should be low fat, low salt, low sugar, less animal brain, offal, more vegetables, fruits, soy products, with appropriate amount of lean meat, fish, eggs, etc..
4. Quit smoking and drinking
As smoking and drinking can cause vasoconstriction, heart rate increase, blood pressure rise, accelerating atherosclerosis, therefore, patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis should quit smoking and drinking.
5.Drink enough water
When the body is dehydrated, it will thicken the blood and slow down the blood flow, thus increasing the chance of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, the elderly should develop the habit of drinking more water, especially before going to bed at night and in the morning, drink 1-2 cups of warm water, which can play a very good preventive effect.
6.Avoid exertion
Older people should try to avoid excessive physical and mental labor. Overload can induce cerebral hemorrhage.
7.Pay attention to keep warm
Cold winter is the season of cerebral hemorrhage. The cold can cause vasoconstriction and rise in blood pressure. Therefore, the elderly should pay attention to keeping warm in the cold autumn and winter seasons so that their bodies can adapt to the changes in climate. In addition, according to their health condition, they should do some suitable physical exercise. Such as walking, doing radio gymnastics, etc., to promote blood circulation.
8, do not squatting stool
Squatting stool, the person’s lower limb blood vessels will undergo severe flexion, coupled with holding the breath to defecate, the pressure in the abdomen increases, which can raise blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. If you sit down, the femoral artery is bent, but the bending angle is about 90 degrees, and the blood can be kept flowing as usual. At the same time the weight of the whole body is borne by the buttocks, although a little longer, the lower limbs will not feel the strain.
9.Prevent constipation
Forceful defecation is very easy to make the fragile small blood vessels rupture and cause cerebral hemorrhage. Elderly people to prevent constipation, you can eat more fiber-rich food, such as celery, leeks, fruit, etc.. You can also do appropriate exercise and self-massage of the abdomen in the morning before waking up.
10.Prevent falls
Most elderly people are suffering from cerebral atherosclerosis, coupled with the fragility of the blood vessel wall, if accidentally fall, easy to cause intracranial blood vessel rupture, resulting in cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, the elderly should be especially careful in their daily activities and exercise to avoid falls.
If unfortunately, once the problem occurs what should be done?
1. Seek timely medical attention and early diagnosis
Brain hemorrhage often has some aura, such as severe headache without cause, dizziness, fainting, vomiting, etc. If these conditions are found, the elderly should seek medical attention in a timely manner. For patients presenting with a stroke, an emergency cranial CT examination is usually required for clarification. When brain hemorrhage is diagnosed, medical institutions with conditions will usually do further head CTA examinations with the aim of clarifying the presence of vascular diseases such as aneurysm and vascular malformation.
2. Correct decision and active treatment
For patients with relatively small amount of bleeding, conservative treatment is usually the main treatment, including quiet bed rest, dehydration and lowering cranial pressure, adjusting blood pressure, preventing and controlling continued bleeding, and strengthening nursing care to prevent and control complications in order to save lives and reduce mortality. If the condition is stable, early rehabilitation treatment will be provided in order to restore the function as much as possible and improve the life of the patient. In the case of relatively large bleeding or complications such as brain herniation that can seriously endanger life, timely and aggressive surgical treatment is required, with the aim of preserving neurological function as much as possible while saving life.