What kind of complications often occur in patients with cholecystitis? Gallbladder perforation Gallbladder perforation is mostly located at the bottom or neck of the gallbladder. Most of them are caused by increased pressure in the gallbladder due to obstruction of the gallbladder duct, obstruction of blood flow to the gallbladder, and compression by stones. Gallbladder perforation can cause acute peritonitis and requires emergency surgery to remove the gallbladder and strengthen anti-infection treatment after surgery. Biliary hemorrhage can be caused by infection or injury, resulting in the formation of internal fistula between the gallbladder and adjacent blood vessels, and blood flowing into the duodenum through the bile duct to form biliary hemorrhage. Biliary hemorrhage can manifest the typical triad of vomiting blood or blood in stool, biliary colic, and jaundice. Acute gangrenous cholecystitis with gallbladder perforation can lead to perforation with adjacent organs to form an internal fistula. Patients mostly show chills, high fever and abdominal pain, and often require surgery. Biliary bacterial liver abscess caused by bile duct obstruction due to gallbladder stones causes bacterial invasion into the liver, causing local inflammatory changes and the formation of single or multiple abscesses. Patients often have chills, high fever, pain in the liver area, nausea, weakness, anorexia and other manifestations. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen anti-infection, and if the abscess is completely liquefied, ultrasound-guided puncture can be performed to drain the pus. Inflammatory stenosis of the bile ducts caused by repeated infections of the bile ducts or direct compression of the stones can lead to thinning of the inner diameter of the bile ducts, resulting in poor bile excretion, called benign stenosis of the bile duct.