Nowadays, with the increased awareness of health care and the increased awareness of physicians, there are many people who have carotid-related screenings, and more and more people are being told that they have carotid stenosis after having a neck ultrasound or MRI. What about these people who still have greater doubts about the necessity and management of their related disease? First, let’s recognize the dangers of carotid stenosis. The carotid artery is an important vascular channel for brain tissue within the skull, and most of the blood flow to the brain is provided through the carotid artery. Most carotid stenosis is caused by atherosclerosis, so carotid stenosis can cause a decrease in cerebral blood flow on the one hand, and on the other hand, atherosclerotic plaques in carotid stenosis can be dislodged to cause obstruction of the distal vessels, especially in the brain, thus causing stroke, which is also the most serious danger of carotid stenosis. From the above, we can know that the main danger of carotid stenosis is to cause stroke, therefore, the main purpose of carotid stenosis treatment is to prevent the occurrence of stroke. What are the treatment methods for carotid stenosis? There are three main clinical treatments for carotid stenosis: drug therapy, interventional therapy (also known as endoluminal therapy) and surgery. Drug therapy is the basic treatment, similar to oral drugs for patients with coronary artery disease, mainly through antiplatelet, lipid lowering, and controlling various high-risk factors to prevent further expansion of sclerotic plaque. Anti-platelet drugs currently in common use are aspirin and poliovirus. Lipid lowering (mainly statins) prevents further plaque progression by controlling blood lipids, and some drugs also have the effect of reversing plaque. Also more important is to control control various high-risk factors, control hypertension and diabetes, quit smoking and limit alcohol. However, for some patients with severe carotid stenosis, surgical treatment is also available, including surgical removal of the atheromatous plaque causing the stenosis (also called carotid endarterectomy), or the use of balloons and stents to expand the stenotic atheromatous plaque (stenting surgery).