The “Treatment Strategy for Patients with Treated Relapses of Chronic Hepatitis B” points out that the three main factors that make hepatitis B prone to relapse are the short duration of consolidation of oral antiviral therapy, e antigen negativity, and age older than 40 years. Among them, patients with less than one year of consolidation therapy are prone to relapse, and their relapse rate is as high as 62%. Relapse of hepatitis B increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, patients on oral antiviral therapy for hepatitis B should not stop taking the medication early. The Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B clearly state that the overall goal of treatment for chronic hepatitis B is to maximize long-term suppression of HBV, reduce the occurrence of cirrhosis and liver cancer, and thereby improve quality of life and prolong survival time; antiviral therapy is the key. Although the current oral antiviral therapy cannot kill the hepatitis B virus, it can inhibit the replication of the virus. Once the drug is discontinued, the hepatitis B virus is likely to replicate again in large quantities, leading to liver cell damage. Recurrence of hepatitis B exposes the liver to more serious damage, leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and even liver cancer. The landmark 4006 study within the field of hepatitis B treatment confirmed that the rate of disease progression and liver cancer can be reduced by nearly half with 3 years of treatment with lamivudine. Therefore, antiviral retreatment should be actively started once a relapse of chronic hepatitis B occurs and should be maintained for a long time. The short duration of antiviral treatment makes hepatitis B prone to relapse Hepatitis B virus re-replication is the root cause of hepatitis B relapse, which requires long-term antiviral treatment because cccDNA is difficult to be cleared; while short duration of consolidation treatment, e antigen negativity, and age over 40 are the three factors that easily lead to relapse. One study showed that the relapse rate was 61.9% for less than 1 year of consolidation therapy and 8.7% for more than 1 year of consolidation therapy. It is worth noting that a 2009 study of compliance among 10,000 patients with chronic hepatitis B found that 63% of patients with chronic hepatitis B had stopped taking oral antiviral medication on their own. Therefore, antiviral treatment for hepatitis B should not be aimed at stopping the medication, and early discontinuation is one of the most important triggers for hepatitis B relapse. For patients on antiviral therapy, it is not advisable to stop medication prematurely even after reaching the indication for discontinuation. The Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in China state that for patients with e antigen-positive hepatitis B, discontinuation can be considered after HBV DNA is below the lower limit of detection, ALT (liver function) is normalized, and HBeAg serology is converted, and then consolidated for at least 1 year (after at least two reviews, each at an interval of 6 months), and the total course of treatment has reached at least 2 years, but extending the course of treatment can reduce relapse; for For patients with e antigen negative hepatitis B, the duration of consolidation therapy should be longer because of the higher relapse rate after drug discontinuation. Patients with hepatitis B should establish confidence in long-term antiviral therapy and not stop taking the drug prematurely to reduce the chance of hepatitis B relapse.