In male clinics, I often get questions about why I have to have a testicular biopsy! What exactly is a testicular biopsy for? What are the indications and the basis for it? We know that the testicles are the symbol of men, but also the source of male reproduction and life. Nine times out of ten, friends who come to the male clinic have to undergo physical examination of their testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, spermatic cord and so on, and they can encounter all kinds of testicles, large and small, hard and soft. In combination with the data from laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound, further testicular biopsy can be performed to rule out obstruction of the vas deferens or due to hypothalamic pituitary lesions, if the testosterone (T) level is normal, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is normal, semen fructose is normal, and ultrasound suggests the presence of seminal vesicles? According to the biopsy results to decide the choice of treatment! We know that testicular biopsy, can directly estimate the function of spermatogenesis and the degree of spermatogenic disorders, estimate fertility and provide direct information. It is an essential method for the diagnosis of male infertility, the choice of therapeutic measures and the determination of prognosis. A testicular biopsy is usually done on one side only. But not everyone needs a biopsy, such as some testicular tumors, systemic bleeding disorders, scrotal skin and other inflammatory conditions, it is not advisable to do a biopsy! Specific surgical method: Routinely disinfect and spread sterile cloth towel, under local anesthesia, choose the skin of the anterior scrotal wall to make a small incision of about 1cm, layer by layer cut to reach the testicular white membrane. A small incision was made on the white membrane, and the testicular tissue was seen protruding from the small incision. About 4 square mm of tissue was cut off with scissors and placed in a vial with fixative solution for examination, and the incision was then closed layer by layer. Rest in bed for 24 hours to avoid blood leakage and infection from the incision.