Piriformis syndrome is a condition caused by entrapment or chronic injury to the sciatic nerve as it exits through the piriformis muscle. The main clinical manifestation is pain. Piriformis syndrome is caused by various reasons such as compression of the sciatic nerve at the outlet of the piriformis muscle or chronic injury, such as trauma to the buttocks, adhesions, scarring, drug injections, and fracture displacement. A small number of patients are due to their own anatomical variations. The most common manifestation is pain, often accompanying the sciatic nerve course, such as the buttocks and lateral thighs, posterior and lateral calves, and sometimes numbness. Over time, some patients may also experience muscle atrophy, or aggravation when the sciatic nerve is pulled, such as when coughing or sneezing. If the diagnosis is confirmed, it is recommended to consult a doctor as soon as possible, under the guidance of a professional doctor for treatment.