Laboratory tests 1, cerebrospinal fluid examination. Due to the development and application of modern diagnostic imaging technology, cerebrospinal fluid examination is generally not done for those with a clear diagnosis to prevent brain herniation. However, when there is no condition to do brain CT scan or brain MRI examination, lumbar puncture still has some diagnostic value after cerebral hemorrhage due to brain tissue edema, intracranial pressure is generally high. In 80% of patients, after 6 hours of onset, the cerebrospinal fluid is mostly bloody or yellow because blood can break into the ventricles or subarachnoid space from the brain parenchyma, and a few cerebrospinal fluid is clear. Therefore, if the cerebrospinal fluid is clear on lumbar puncture, the possibility of cerebral hemorrhage cannot be completely ruled out, and preoperative dehydration should be given to lower the intracranial pressure. Lumbar puncture should be contraindicated when there is an increase in intracranial pressure or the possibility of brain herniation. 2.Blood routine. In patients with severe cerebrovascular disease, the routine blood test may show an increase in white blood cells in the acute stage. There may be positive urine glucose and proteinuria, and the increase of blood glucose in the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage is caused by the stress reaction. Elevated blood glucose not only directly reflects the metabolic status of the body, but also reflects the severity of the disease. The higher the blood glucose, the higher the incidence of complications such as stress ulcer, brain herniation, metabolic acidosis and azotemia, and the worse the prognosis. Imaging examination 1.CT examination. CT examination is preferred for clinical diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage. It can show a round or ovoid uniform high-density hematoma with clear borders, and can determine the site, size, shape, and whether the hematoma has broken into the ventricles. If the hematoma is surrounded by a large amount of blood in the ventricle, high-density casts and ventricular dilatation can be seen. 1 week later, the hematoma can be surrounded by a ring of enhancement, and the hematoma becomes hypodense or cystic after absorption. dynamic observation of CT can reveal progressive cerebral hemorrhage. 2.MRI examination. It can detect small amount of brainstem or cerebellar hemorrhage that cannot be identified by CT, distinguish cerebral hemorrhage that cannot be identified by CT after 4-5 weeks of disease, differentiate old cerebral hemorrhage from cerebral infarction, and show the phenomenon of vascular malformation and flow hollowing. It can also determine the time of hemorrhage according to the dynamic change of hematoma signal (influenced by the change of hemoglobin within the hematoma). (1) Hyperacute phase (0-2h): T1 low signal and T2 high signal of the hematoma are not easily distinguished from cerebral infarction; (2) Acute phase (2-48h): T1 equal signal and T2 low signal; (3) Subacute phase (3 days-3 weeks): T1 and T2 high signal; (4) Chronic phase (>3 weeks): Tl low signal and T2 high signal. 3.Digital subtraction cerebral angiography (DSA). It can detect cerebral aneurysm, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, Moyamoya disease and vasculitis, etc. 4.Electrocardiogram. Patients with cerebrovascular disease may have changes in cardiac and vascular function due to brain-heart syndrome or heart disease: ①Conduction block: such as prolonged P-R interval, nodal rhythm or atrioventricular separation. (ii) arrhythmias: atrial or ventricular preterm contractions. ③Ischemic alterations: prolonged S-T segment, decreased, and altered T wave. ④Electrocardiographic changes of pseudo-myocardial infarction, etc. 5. Ambulatory blood pressure detection. The blood pressure within 1 week of the onset of acute cerebrovascular disease is significantly higher than the normal reference value and also higher than the blood pressure level before the onset of the disease. It suggests that hypertension is closely related to the onset of acute cerebrovascular disease. At the same time, blood pressure fluctuations as well as hypotensive states account for a certain proportion of the onset of acute cerebrovascular disease, and blood pressure fluctuations can both lead to elevated blood pressure and also be a consequence of hypertension. The severity of damage to target organs, such as the brain, and the incidence of acute cerebrovascular disease are significantly higher in patients with either short-term or long-term blood pressure fluctuations. Blood pressure fluctuations are often accompanied by a sudden drop or rise in blood pressure. At this time, patients are often accompanied by more obvious discomfort symptoms, such as dizziness, headache, syncope, chest tightness, panic, etc. 6. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) helps to determine intracranial hypertension and brain death. When the hematoma is >25ml, TCD shows asymmetric changes in intracranial hemodynamics, indicating asymmetric intracranial pressure, and the beat-to-beat index better reflects the asymmetry of intracranial pressure than the average blood flow velocity.