Brain and bone are the most common metastatic sites of lung cancer, accounting for 10% and 7% of all newly diagnosed lung cancer metastatic sites, respectively. The occurrence of bone and brain metastases in lung cancer indicates that the disease is advanced and is hematogenous and blood-borne. Lung cancer is the most common type of tumor causing brain metastasis, accounting for about 30% to 50% of patients with brain metastasis. Small cell lung cancer is more likely to cause brain or bone metastases than non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer metastasis to the brain or bone is considered stage IV in lung cancer staging. Without treatment, the survival period of lung cancer brain metastasis is only 1 to 2 months. For lung cancer patients with multiple metastases such as bone and brain, treatment is mainly systemic treatment, and the main goal is to prolong life as much as possible while improving the quality of life as much as possible. Targeted drugs have progressed rapidly in recent years, and it is recommended to first obtain tumor tissue specimens for testing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and then develop the corresponding treatment plan accordingly. Recently, a subtype of lung cancer with isolated metastases has been identified, and patients with this subtype who develop brain or bone metastases can have good outcomes if treated appropriately. Isolated metastasis of lung cancer refers to the occurrence of a single lesion in a single organ (e.g., brain) in patients with lung cancer. It is generally considered that isolated metastasis occurring within 3 months is contemporaneous isolated metastasis, and those occurring more than 3 months are called heterogeneous isolated metastasis. Many scholars engaged in lung cancer in China have reached a consensus that for lung cancer patients with true concurrent isolated metastasis, if both the primary lesion and metastatic lesion can be completely resected by surgery, and if the primary lesion does not have obvious regional lymph node metastasis, then surgical resection can be considered, followed by systemic treatment (chemotherapy or targeted therapy). For those who have lymph node metastasis in the primary lesion, even if surgical resection is possible, the advantages and disadvantages should be weighed and the basic principle is less trauma. For isolated metastases that occur at different stages, treatment is relatively more complicated and doctors need to consider multiple factors before making a treatment plan. If the tumor-free survival after lung cancer has exceeded six months, brain metastases can be surgically removed and supplemented with systemic treatment, while if the tumor-free survival after lung cancer is less than six months, conformal radiotherapy plus systemic treatment is recommended. For patients with isolated bone metastases, if they are weight-bearing bones with dysfunction and pain, surgery + radiotherapy followed by systemic therapy is recommended. In conclusion, if brain or bone metastasis occurs in lung cancer, the treatment plan should be decided based on the general condition of the patient, the pathological type of the primary lesion, the degree of differentiation, whether the primary lesion has been controlled or not, and whether there are metastases from other parts of the body.