Clinically frequent lumbar 4/5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 disc herniation is a disease in which the lumbar intervertebral disc degenerates and then ruptures partially or completely under the action of external forces, protruding outward either alone or together with the nucleus pulposus and cartilage end plate, compressing the sinus nerve and nerve root, causing back and leg pain as the main clinical symptoms. When a herniated lumbar disc compresses a nerve, the patient may experience low back pain or leg pain, either alone or together. Lumbar disc herniation is among the most common and frequent diseases in orthopedics, with a high number of outpatient visits, and is the most common cause of low back and leg pain. The main causes of lumbar disc herniation include disc degeneration, local injury, as well as pregnancy, genetic factors, and developmental factors.