Time after time, the blood lessons caused by anemia in pregnancy and the family tragedies caused by anemia in pregnancy have made us obstetrics and gynecology staff to face the call of the whole society to pay attention to the problem of anemia in pregnancy and to prevent and correct it during pregnancy. Here I would like to talk about the following issues.
I. There are several reasons why anemia is prone to occur during pregnancy.
1. The growth and development process of the fetus increases the need for iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 and protein;
2, the relative lack of nutrient supply to pregnant women, resulting in iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia;
3, pregnant women suffer from chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, which affects the absorption of nutrients; pre-pregnancy excessive menstruation, hemorrhoids and other diseases cause potential anemia, the mother’s iron reserves are insufficient;
4, the blood volume increases during pregnancy, and the plasma increases more than the red blood cells, making the blood is diluted state;
5, do not pay attention to perinatal health care work, not timely detection, timely correction of mild anemia, resulting in the progressive aggravation of pregnancy anemia, the development of severe anemia;
6.Insufficient understanding of drugs for anemia correction, one-sidedly emphasizing the adverse effects of drugs and not correctly understanding these therapeutic effects.
The effect of anemia in pregnancy on mother and child
Anemia during pregnancy is divided into mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia according to hemoglobin concentration, and different degrees of anemia may cause serious effects on pregnant women, mothers, fetuses and newborns.
1, the impact on pregnant women, mild anemia pregnant women may not have conscious symptoms except yellowish face, while those with severe anemia have swelling, pale face, fatigue, dizziness, panic and shortness of breath, and are prone to anemic heart disease and gestational hypertension, and have a low ability to live during pregnancy, and have a significantly higher chance of having accidents.
2.Impact on childbirth
The anemic pregnant women cause weak contraction of the uterus and are prone to obstructed labor and postpartum hemorrhage, increasing the risk of blood transfusion and resuscitation; maternal resistance decreases and is prone to complications of puerperal infection; the incision heals slowly after delivery and cesarean delivery; and affects postpartum recovery.
3, the impact on the fetus, when the mother is mildly anemic, the degree of fetal iron deficiency is not too serious. However, when a pregnant woman suffers from severe anemia, the lack of oxygen and nutrients to the placenta will easily cause fetal growth and development, fetal distress, miscarriage, premature birth or stillbirth, etc.
4. Effects on newborns, due to poor fetal growth and development, fetal distress, preterm delivery, postpartum asphyxia, premature babies, low viability of newborns, increased chances of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and significantly increased mortality of newborns.
This shows that anemia during pregnancy, especially severe anemia, seriously affects the health of pregnant women, mothers, fetuses and newborns, increases the chance of maternal and neonatal resuscitation, increases the risk of delivery and hospitalization expenses, and makes it necessary to prevent and treat anemia during pregnancy.
How to prevent anemia during pregnancy?
1. Actively treat blood loss diseases such as excessive menstruation and hemorrhoids before planning pregnancy to increase maternal iron reserves. Treat gastrointestinal tract
2.Enhance nutrition during pregnancy and encourage the consumption of iron-rich foods, such as animal liver, lean meat, egg yolk, animal blood, soy products, sesame paste, green seasonal vegetables, fungus and mushrooms, etc.
3, pay attention to perinatal health care, pregnant women must have regular prenatal checkups, testing blood routine and trace elements, especially in the second trimester should be repeatedly checked, timely detection of anemia during pregnancy.
4.Iron, folic acid and vitamins should be routinely supplemented from the fourth month of pregnancy, and individualized treatment plan is recommended under the guidance of doctors.
IV. How to treat anemia in pregnancy?
Most anemias during pregnancy are iron deficiency anemia, some are megaloblastic anemia, and a few are aplastic anemia.
The principle of treatment is to correct the cause of anemia and compensate for its deficiency according to the cause and type of anemia.
1.Correct the cause of anemia, give symptomatic treatment for gastrointestinal disorders and indigestion, etc;
2.General treatment includes increasing nutrition and eating iron- and protein-rich diet;
3.Supplementation with iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 is effective for iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia.
4.Taking Chinese herbal medicine Colla Corii Asini to nourish blood is effective and has good treatment effect on pregnancy anemia and postpartum deficiency of Qi and blood.
The above methods are economical, safe and effective measures to correct anemia, and if applied on time, obvious results can be achieved in two weeks. If anemia is corrected by the above measures, it can obviously reduce the harm caused by anemia to mother and fetus, reduce the incidence of hemorrhage during labor and puerperal infection, reduce the chance of resuscitation such as blood transfusion and uterine incision, reduce maternal and neonatal mortality, and improve the quality of maternal life and family happiness index.
5. Blood transfusion can correct anemia in time, but there are many potential risks, such as the possibility of infection with certain diseases or serious consequences such as allergic reactions, and expensive medical costs. It should only be used in severe anemia and emergency situations. When the pregnant woman has a hemoglobin <60g
V. How to face anemia during pregnancy?
Anemia during pregnancy is the most common complication during pregnancy, but it is not a difficult disease. It can be prevented and cured if prenatal checkups are conducted on time, and if it is detected and treated in time. The prevention and treatment of anemia during pregnancy is simple, non-technical, and does not require expensive medical treatment, and can be solved if the pregnant women and their families pay attention to it. The reason why this disease is so widespread and pervasive is that the majority of pregnant women and their families do not know enough about it and pay enough attention to it. Here, all of us in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology strongly appeal to the whole society to pay attention to the problem of anemia during pregnancy, to prevent and correct anemia during pregnancy, and to minimize the harm caused by anemia during pregnancy to the mother and fetus.