Bone marrow tests require the extraction of a bone marrow specimen, which may sound nerve-wracking, but there is no need to be afraid. Bone marrow aspiration is usually a special puncture test performed by an experienced physician, who will carefully sterilize the patient before the puncture and follow strict aseptic protocols. Before the procedure, the patient will be injected with anesthetic for local anesthesia to reduce pain. The bone marrow puncture is usually performed on the patient’s iliac bone, which is commonly known as the hip bone. The patient is placed on his or her side, and the surgeon selects an appropriate site on the posterior superior iliac spine or anterior superior iliac spine to perform the puncture, usually extracting only a very small amount of bone marrow. This does not result in a significant reduction in the patient’s bone marrow volume and does not affect the patient’s bone marrow hematopoietic function. The aspirated bone marrow specimen usually requires immediate smear processing or anticoagulation for various laboratory tests. In the case of certain hematological diseases or malignant tumors suspected of having bone marrow metastases, bone marrow examination may have to be performed several times for judging disease progression and treatment effects, and patients should actively cooperate with their doctors for bone marrow examination at this time. It should be noted that if there is local infection or bleeding tendency is obvious, it is recommended to control the infection and bleeding before bone marrow aspiration. Patients with blood clotting disorders should not undergo bone marrow aspiration. Patients can walk directly after the bone marrow puncture and do not need long rest. There is usually no significant bleeding at the puncture site, and the wound will heal in about 3 days and the gauze can be removed.