I. The introduction and concept of physical fitness
The term physical fitness originated in the United States, and its English name is Physical Fitness, which is a physical fitness health education program proposed by the American health, sports and dance organizations in 1987. Its core content is health-related knowledge and methods, including knowledge and methods of improving aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition through physical activity, as well as health knowledge of nutrition and physical activity.
The World Health Organization defines “fitness” as the body’s ability to have enough energy and strength to carry out daily tasks without excessive fatigue, and to have enough energy to enjoy leisure activities and cope with unexpected events.
Physical fitness is divided into: health fitness, competitive fitness, and metabolic fitness.
1.Healthy physical fitness, that is, physical fitness closely related to health, is the basis for the body to maintain its own health, and is a prerequisite for the body to keep happy to complete daily work and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases. The five elements to measure the state of health fitness include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance, body composition, flexibility, neuromuscular relaxation.
2, athletic fitness: athletic fitness, also known as sports fitness, is the athletes in the competition, in order to win the best results need to have the physical fitness. Physical fitness and skill-related parameters are sensitivity, balance, coordination, explosive power, reaction time and speed.
3, metabolic fitness: is a new fitness parameters proposed in recent years, mainly including blood sugar, blood lipids, blood insulin, bone density, etc.. Metabolic fitness reflects a functional state, which is directly related to the occurrence or development of many chronic diseases and directly related to the effect of exercise. Exercise can lower blood lipid level, control blood sugar, improve bone density, enhance body metabolism, reduce the occurrence of various exercise deficiency diseases, and affect the overall fitness level of the body.
Cerebral palsy and physical fitness
Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury from before birth to one month after birth, mainly manifesting as central movement disorders and postural abnormalities.
Cerebral palsy is clinically classified into six types: spastic, inattentive, hypotonic, ataxic, rigid, and mixed. The main clinical manifestations are delayed motor development, abnormal posture and movement patterns, abnormal reflexes, local or generalized muscle strength changes, and abnormal muscle tone. There is insufficient or excessive muscle tone, insufficient planning of movements, deficient motor control, and deficient coordination of movements. Also, abilities such as balance and coordination are severely affected.
In addition, patients with cerebral palsy have varying degrees of intellectual backwardness, timidity, timidity, introversion, nervousness, fear of stimulation, learning difficulties, and abnormal psychological behavior.
Clinically, it can be observed that even though patients with cerebral palsy have certain motor abilities, such as turning over, four crawling, walking, jumping, etc., their cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, neuromuscular relaxation, sensitivity, balance, coordination, explosive power, reaction time and speed are significantly worse than those of the same age, i.e., they cannot walk far, walk fast, and are easily fatigued.
Third, the effect of physical fitness activities on the physiological development of children.
1.Promote the development of bones and muscles;
2.Improve cardiopulmonary endurance;
3.Improve balance and coordination and control of movement;
4.Enhance the self-regulation of internal organs;
5.Promote the development of sensory perception;
6.Promote normal growth and development;
7.Cultivate correct body posture;
8.Develop basic mobility and improve social adaptability;
9.Develop physical quality;
10.Develop the ability to adapt to the environment, and immunity.
At the same time, physical fitness has a positive impact on children’s psychological and social development, which can promote creativity, stimulate multifaceted thinking, develop good emotion and character, increase self-confidence, exercise will, and recognize the correct values.
IV. Assessment of children’s physical fitness
To evaluate the level of children’s physical fitness, to test the progress of children before and after training, to find out the unusual physiological conditions of children, to arouse children’s motivation to learn, to determine whether the physical fitness activities are effectively organized, to determine whether the intensity of physical fitness activities is suitable, to set up permanent models for research purposes, and to provide information for future social development planning.
V. Children’s physical fitness course activities and planning
1.Scenario games, the basic content of the body-based, with a certain plot, role, planning, entertainment and competition. Can promote physical growth, basic mobility, emotional experience, cognitive ability, social adaptability and the development of good character. Game is a spontaneous, voluntary, active and fun activity for children, game is a tool for children’s organization and life experience, and is also full of fantasy creation process.
Through ball games, children can strengthen their ability to follow rules, discuss, communicate and decide strategies among themselves, learn to deal with the shortcomings of individual peers, learn to complement each other’s strengths and weaknesses, respond appropriately to different signals such as whistles or hand signals, integrate acquired sports skills and newly learned skills, strengthen team spirit and cooperation among group members, enhance creativity, encourage each other to keep improving, and enjoy sports more. More aggressive, enjoy the fun of sports.
3, strength training, power muscle activity, not only the muscle itself accelerated congestion, but also some of the relevant bone accelerated congestion, thus promoting bone growth and attention, promote the power of muscle activity of young children at the same time, opposed to static muscle tension and lifting and pushing heavy objects. Emphasis on the development of muscle activity coordination, sensitivity is more important.
4, flexibility training, can avoid joint stiffness and muscle shortening, maintain proper flexibility will make physical activity more sensitive, and can reduce muscle tension brought about by fatigue and pain.
5, aerobic training, beneficial to the vascular system, strengthen the respiratory system, reduce cardiovascular and circulatory system diseases, cardiorespiratory fitness, long physical activity will not appear early fatigue phenomenon.
6.Fitness dance and music rhythm, can concentrate, strengthen learning ability, team spirit, relieve stress.
7, movement education and modern creative dance, can provide comprehensive education about physical, emotional, cognitive and social activities.
8.Parent-child games, which is a way of parent-child interaction, has special significance to improve mutual relations and enhance family harmony and mutual trust, etc.