Thyroid nodules with clear borders and uneven internal echogenicity can be observed temporarily if the nodules are benign in nature and do not present with uncomfortable symptoms. If the nodule is malignant, surgical removal is required. If the nodule causes hyperthyroidism, medication or surgery is needed. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland can clarify the location, number and size of the nodules, whether they are cystic or solid, and whether the edges of the nodules are clear. If the borders of the nodules are clear and the internal echogenicity is not uniform, the nature of the nodules should be clarified by combining with fine-needle aspiration and other tests. If the thyroid nodules are benign and do not cause discomfort, regular checkups are usually sufficient to prevent cancerous changes. If the patient also has hyperthyroidism, the patient can take oral antithyroid drugs, such as propylthiouracil, methimazole, etc., as prescribed by the doctor, or adopt surgical treatment. For malignant nodules or large nodules with pressure symptoms, total thyroidectomy, thyroid lobectomy, microwave ablation and other treatment measures are needed. It is recommended that patients with thyroid nodules with clear borders and uneven internal echogenicity should identify the cause of the disease and take therapeutic measures.