Cholecystectomy accounts for a large percentage of surgical procedures, and gallbladder disease is one of the most common conditions seen in surgical outpatient emergencies. In this article, we will discuss what kind of gallbladder disease requires cholecystectomy? 1. Symptomatic gallbladder stones. It refers to those gallbladder stones that present with typical symptoms of biliary colic, right upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia, epigastric fullness, belching, etc. There is no controversy that symptomatic gallbladder stones require surgical treatment. Because of the possibility of complications such as acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, intestinal fistula, secondary common bile duct stones, and acute pancreatitis, etc., it is recommended that patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones undergo cholecystectomy as soon as possible. 2.Stone-free cholecystitis: chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder wall thickening, gallbladder malfunction or non-functional; acute cholecystitis in early stage or with symptom relief after treatment; ceramic-like gallbladder, etc. should undergo cholecystectomy. 3, gallbladder polyp-like lesions: mainly including gallbladder adenoma, cholesterol polyps, gallbladder adenomyosis, etc. Based on the potentially malignant nature of gallbladder adenoma, the gallbladder should be removed early to prevent cancer when the following high-risk factors exist: a. middle-aged female patients; b. located in the neck of the gallbladder; c. single nodule; d. diameter >1.0 cm; e. wide base; f. combined with gallbladder stones. ②Cholesterol polyps of the gallbladder: cholesterol polyps have not been documented to be malignant, but may form gallbladder stones. Surgical treatment is feasible when there are obvious clinical symptoms. Gallbladder adenomatous hyperplasia: cancer has been reported in recent years, so early surgical excision is necessary. 4. The indications for prophylactic cholecystectomy. It refers to the gallbladder disease in which the patient has never had symptoms, but due to its potential risk, patients with higher risk are selected for cholecystectomy to terminate the possible risk. The main indications are: ① Prophylactic cholecystectomy should be considered in the following cases: a. Combined diabetes mellitus, since the mortality rate of gallbladder stone complications in combined gallbladder disease is 5 times higher than in non-diabetic patients, while the outcome of elective cases is not different from non-diabetic patients; b. Incidental cholecystectomy; c. Gallbladder stones in children or adolescents; d. Small stones in the gallbladder stones or stones smaller than the diameter of the cystic duct, the stones can easily drain into the common bile duct via the cystic duct, causing obstruction of the common bile duct leading to cholangitis, or inducing cholangitis of biliary origin. In order to prevent cancer, the gallbladder should be removed when the following factors exist: a. The size of gallbladder stones. c. Calcification of gallbladder wall or porcelain gallbladder, about 50% of these patients have gallbladder cancer, which should be removed early; d. Atrophic gallbladder.