Abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis is not necessarily associated with thalassemia, but can also be seen in iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is the most common and effective method of isolating and identifying hemoglobin, and is now an important method of prenatal screening for thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobinopathies. When HbA2 (hemoglobin A2) is elevated, it may be beta light thalassemia. Some pernicious anemias, megaloblastic anemia, etc., may also be elevated. When HbA2 (hemoglobin A2) is decreased, it is mostly iron deficiency anemia and ferrocytic anemia. Abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis is an important basis for the diagnosis of thalassemia, but abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis can also be seen in other types of anemia, and it is recommended to consult a doctor in time to clarify the diagnosis and standardize the treatment.