Lumbar disc herniation is one of the more common lumbar disorders in clinical practice, and is a common and frequent disease in orthopaedics and traumatology. The lumbar disc exists between the vertebrae of the lumbar spine, which is equivalent to a micro-movement joint, and is composed of a transparent cartilage plate, a fibrous ring and the nucleus pulposus, which is distributed among the lumbar vertebrae and is a component of the lumbar vertebral joint, and plays a role in supporting, connecting and buffering the lumbar vertebrae, and is shaped like a flattened abacus bead, consisting of the nucleus pulposus, cartilage plate and fibrous ring. When the nucleus pulposus is prolapsed due to posterior convexity or fracture of the fibrous ring caused by trauma or degeneration, it is called lumbar disc herniation. Since the spinal cord passes behind the disc, when the protruding disc compresses the spinal nerve or cauda equina nerve causing back and leg pain or incontinence, or even paralysis, it is called lumbar disc herniation.