Lumbar disc herniation is a syndrome manifested by protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc tissue after degeneration and compression of nerves. Etiology】: degenerative changes of lumbar disc: long-term improper force on the lumbar region, incorrect posture, violent coughing, sneezing, breath-holding, sudden rotation, sudden weight-bearing, pregnancy, etc. can all aggravate its degeneration. Clinical manifestations】 (1) low back pain: more than 95% of patients have this discomfort, with persistent dull pain in the low back, relieved when resting in bed, aggravated when standing, and most intense when bending and bearing weight; (2) sciatica: numbness from the waist to the back of the thigh, the back of the calf and the foot like electric shock; aggravated when sneezing and coughing; (3) lumbar movement disorders: such as inability to bend and turn; (4) sensory disorders: numbness of the limbs, tingling, sensory insensitivity, and limb degeneration. (4) Sensory disorders: numbness, tingling, sensory insensitivity, and coldness of the limbs; (5) Weakness and muscle atrophy of the lower limbs; (6) Symptoms of damage to the cauda equina nerve: such as urinary and fecal disorders, etc. Diagnosis】 Clinical manifestations plus imaging changes 【Treatment】 (a) Conservative treatment: bed rest, medication, traction, physiotherapy, etc. Anti-inflammatory drugs, traction (b) Surgical treatment: ① Simple nucleus pulposus removal. Completely minimally invasive methods, such as discoscopy, lateral approach mirror ② intervertebral fusion internal fixation; lumbar disc herniation is a syndrome manifested by nerve compression due to protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc tissue after degeneration.