Mr. Lin from Tangshan, Hebei suddenly developed a high fever 2 months ago, and on the third day a rash started to appear behind his ears, which soon progressed to a generalized rash. A positive blood test for measles antibodies at a local hospital confirmed the diagnosis of measles. After treatment, although his body temperature improved and the rash subsided, he became febrile again a few days later and fell into a coma, so he was transferred to Beijing Ditan Hospital. After more than 1 month of treatment at Beijing Ditan Hospital, his vital signs stabilized, but he was still unconscious (Glasgow coma score of 10). In the past, our department has treated many patients with encephalitis transferred from Beijing Ditan Hospital, and all of them had good results. Therefore, the doctors of Beijing Ditan Hospital thought of hyperbaric oxygen therapy this time and said to the family that “hyperbaric oxygen therapy is your last hope”. After the consultation of our physicians, the contraindications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy were ruled out, and he was transferred to our department 20 days ago for further treatment. The family had high expectation for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, but his condition had many twists and turns, and his temperature reached 39℃ early in the morning on the second day after he was transferred to our department. We considered that he had recovered from measles, and combined with the pulmonary signs and increased sputum, the fever should be caused by a pulmonary infection. As he had applied many advanced antibiotics such as Mepin in Beijing Ditan Hospital, sputum culture showed that the antibiotics were basically resistant. After discussion, we decided to downgrade the antibiotics and finally chose to combine cefoxitin and amikacin for anti-infection treatment. Because hyperthermia was not suitable for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, he had to be treated with normobaric high-flow oxygen first. After 2 times of oxygen therapy, he opened his eyes more often, and after 3 times, he could chase people. After careful treatment by our medical staff, his body temperature improved and he was finally ready to start hyperbaric oxygen therapy. After completing the first hyperbaric oxygen treatment, he took a pen and wrote down his wife’s name correctly. His wife said excitedly, “Hyperbaric oxygen is amazing”. He has now completed 15 hyperbaric oxygen treatments, can walk briefly, answer questions and perform simple calculations, and has not only had his gastric and urinary catheters removed, but has also had his tracheal tube blocked. The incidence of central nervous system lesions complicated by measles is about 1‰ to 2‰. It occurs mostly 2 to 5 days after rash onset, occasionally in the prodromal phase, and can also develop 2 to 3 weeks after rash onset. Our department has treated many cases of measles encephalitis in children around 10 years old. This patient is the oldest of the patients with measles encephalitis treated in our department, and with the concerted efforts of the medical and nursing staff, we have achieved remarkable results.