With the improvement of people’s living conditions, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes is getting higher and higher. According to a survey in 2002, there are about 160 million patients with hypertension in China, and about 200 million patients with hypertension by now, about 160 million patients with dyslipidemia in China, about 230 million overweight + obese, and a total of about 30 to 40 million patients with diabetes. These risk factors of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking determine the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is the main reason for the current high incidence of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, diseases that have a high incidence and are the leading cause of death can be prevented by taking certain measures. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases can be divided into two categories: controllable and uncontrollable, the former including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and low activity; the latter including age, gender, and family history. Among them, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are the four most important risk factors. Through lifestyle improvement, including smoking cessation, proper diet, and appropriate exercise, we can reduce the incidence of obesity, and thus reduce the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. And with the reduction of these cardiovascular disease risk factors the incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease can be reduced.