Lumbar disc herniation, a common cause of chronic low back and leg pain. Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be treated conservatively, which patients need surgery? Ni Bing, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University ①{C}symptoms for three months, conservative treatment is ineffective; or conservative treatment is effective, but frequent recurrence and heavy pain; ②{C}first episode of severe pain, marked by symptoms in the lower extremities, the patient has difficulty moving and sleeping, and is in a forced position; some patients can only adopt a kneeling position. ③{C}Combined manifestations of cauda equina nerve compression; such as numbness in the perineal region, urinary and fecal incontinence, and decreased sexual function. ④{C}The presence of single nerve root palsy, manifested by muscle atrophy of the lower limbs, limp limp, and numbness. ⑤{C}The disc herniation is larger and causes spinal stenosis, which is manifested as the patient can only walk 100-200 meters in a single time that needs to stop and rest for 5-10 minutes, called intermittent claudication.