Clinical data The child was a male, 4 months old, with no special birth or family history and a past history of (–). The symptoms were rhythmic jerking of the right upper limb, similar to myoclonus-like movements, which occurred about 5 minutes after sleep and lasted for about 20-30 minutes, usually disappearing after half an hour. There is no eye rolling or clenching of teeth during the seizure, and the seizure can be terminated by waking up the child. Each seizure occurred within half an hour of falling asleep. The EEG was monitored by video-recorded EEG several times and no epileptiform discharges were seen on the EEG during the interictal period. CT of the head (–). He was diagnosed as “partial status epilepticus” and was treated with antiepileptic drugs such as sodium valproate and carbamazepine, but the effect was not obvious. He was treated with antiepileptic drugs such as sodium valproate and carbamazepine, but the treatment was not effective. The child was advised to discontinue the antiepileptic drugs and the symptoms disappeared on their own after 3 months of follow-up. The clinical diagnosis was “benign sleep myoclonus”. Discussion Sleep myoclonus is a physiological myoclonic movement that occurs during sleep and is a normal phenomenon. Most of them occur when you are sleepy or just fall asleep, and the symptoms disappear immediately after waking up. Most of the common sleep myoclonus is a single movement, usually no more than 2-3 times. Benign sleep myoclonus frequently occurs within the first few days to three months of life, and the symptoms disappear after several weeks or years. The phenomenon reported in this case is very rare, with symptoms lasting about half an hour. Egger et al. found that some of the patients’ mothers had a history of benign sleep myoclonus during infancy or the presence of occasional significant sleep myoclonus, but the pregnancy and childbirth histories were not abnormal. Sleep myoclonus can be easily confused with nocturnal epilepsy, especially when the seizures are of long duration and involve only one limb. The diagnosis of “partial status epilepticus” in this case may also be related to the excessive concern of the patient’s family and the physician’s apprehension about prolonged seizures. However, the absence of epileptiform discharges on the EEG during the interictal and seizure phases and the ineffectiveness of antiepileptic drug therapy are key to differentiating the patient from epilepsy. Previous studies found individual patients with EEG showing increased beta waves, but never epileptic activity; all patients recovered completely within six months after four years of follow-up. Therefore, antiepileptic medication is not beneficial for benign sleep myoclonus and can lead to an increase in “seizures” because it can cause sleepiness in the patient. Parents need only to awaken the child by gently stroking the limbs, rather than shaking the child strongly and startling him or her. Early and accurate diagnosis and proper management of benign sleep myoclonus can not only avoid unnecessary tests and treatment, but also relieve the family’s worries. This is of great significance to primary care providers.