The risks of gestational diabetes include: miscarriage, preterm delivery and stillbirth; increased incidence of excessive amniotic fluid (10%-30%); increased incidence of giant babies and increased chances of obstructed labor and birth injuries during delivery; and prolonged labor during delivery due to reduced utilization of glucose in gestational diabetes, which causes weak contraction bleeding. In addition, gestational diabetes increases fetal mortality and predisposes newborns to neonatal hypoglycemia. Babies born with gestational diabetes are six times more likely to have neonatal respiratory distress syndrome than babies born to non-diabetic women. Balanced diet to control blood glucose How to eat a balanced diet to ensure effective blood glucose control and still allow the mother and child to pass through pregnancy and delivery is the key to dietary management for women with gestational diabetes and is what makes gestational diabetes different from non-pregnancy diabetes. Ideally, dietary control allows pregnant women to cope with daily life without hunger and with their condition under control. Reasonable control of total caloric intake does not require any special increase in calories in the early stages of pregnancy, and is calculated at 25-35 kcal per kg of body weight per day in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, and the diet is adjusted at any time according to the condition of blood sugar and urine sugar. Control the intake of simple sugars Strictly control the simple sugars that can be easily absorbed by the body, such as sucrose, granulated sugar, fructose, glucose and icing sugar, etc. Choose staple foods with high fiber content, such as brown rice or five-grain rice, which are good for controlling blood sugar. Ensure the protein intake of sick pregnant women should have more protein intake than normal pregnant women, with animal protein accounting for 1/3. It is better to drink 2 glasses of milk daily to get enough calcium. Control the intake of lipids to control the intake of saturated fatty acids. Use vegetable oil as the main cooking oil, and eat less fried, deep-fried, crispy and meat skin, fatty meat and other foods. Eat less and more meals a day, three main meals and three snacks, especially to avoid dinner and the next day breakfast too long apart, can be supplemented with some snacks before bed. Do not fall into the three “misconceptions” In fact, in addition to pregnant women who are already ill, pregnant women in general should not ignore the control of blood sugar, prevention and treatment of disease, especially be wary of the three “misconceptions”. The first misconception is that it’s okay to control your mouth. In the opinion of many pregnant women, controlling the intake of sugar is enough to rest easy. In fact, to prevent and treat gestational diabetes, in addition to controlling the “import” of sugar, we can also control the “export” of sugar. Research shows that through moderate exercise, can promote the use of glucose, which is conducive to blood sugar control. For example, walking after meals is a good way to exercise, 30 minutes each time, in order not to feel fatigue is appropriate. When walking, try to avoid places with slopes or steps to avoid falls. Myth two fruit can be eaten openly Many mothers-to-be feel that the fruit vitamins, fiber, etc. can make the baby grow fast and well, often eat fruit, and even have a day to eat a large watermelon. The most important thing to know is that fruit contains a lot of easily absorbed fructose, and excessive absorption of fructose is the biggest cause of gestational diabetes. Therefore, pregnant women should eat fruit in “quality and quantity” and eat one or two fruits every day after normal meals, and eat less high sweetness fruits, choosing kiwi, grapefruit and other fruits with high vitamin content and low sugar content is appropriate. The majority of gestational diabetes patients can recover from abnormal glucose metabolism after delivery, but 40% to 50% of women develop type 2 diabetes 5 to 10 years after delivery. The peak period for developing diabetes is 5 years after delivery, and gestational diabetes patients may include some of those with pre-pregnancy glucose metabolism abnormalities, so it is very important to have postpartum glucose checks. The oral 75 gram glucose tolerance test is repeated at 12 weeks postpartum and, if normal, every 2 years thereafter. Those with high-risk factors should be checked once a year. Each follow-up visit should be accompanied by health education, scientific dietary guidance and physical exercise.