Gene targeted therapy is a kind of biological treatment for malignant tumors, which is used to correct genetic defects by introducing exogenous genes into the human body, or to inhibit and kill tumor cells directly or indirectly. It has various routes and methods of administration, such as ex vivo gene therapy, in vivo gene therapy, etc. It is a promising biological therapy, but there are many challenges and scientific and technical problems that need to be solved. A simple explanation is that through genetic engineering technology, artificially modified or established target cell genes are transferred into human body, and then go to induce cancer cells to die by suicide or inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells.