Dwarfism is defined as a child whose height is below the 3rd percentile of the growth curve or two standard deviations below the normal mean. Dwarfism is partly caused by organic diseases and partly caused by non-diseases. The causes of disease include endocrine abnormalities, skeletal lesions or other diseases, among which growth hormone deficiency is the most common. The second cause is precocious puberty, and some are caused by intrauterine growth retardation or chromosomal abnormalities. Non-disease-induced dwarfism includes familial dwarfism, somatic dwarfism, and delayed physiological puberty development. Yang Haiying, Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Jinan Children’s Hospital Children with dwarfism need to undergo tests such as bone age evaluation, growth hormone measurement and thyroid hormone measurement to make a clear diagnosis. Treatment for dwarfism includes etiological treatment, such as treatment with growth hormone, in addition to adequate sleep, balanced nutrition and exercise to help height growth. Children with dwarfism should not abuse health care products. Some health care products have added sex hormones or certain herbal ingredients to promote sexual development and cause accelerated growth, but at the same time, children’s bone age is advanced and premature epiphyseal closure will affect the child’s final height, so only through detailed examination to find out the cause. Therefore, only through a detailed examination to find out the cause will we not miss the best time for treatment.