It is difficult to determine the effect of stem cell transplantation after ten years of hemiplegia. Hemiplegia is usually caused by stroke, and stem cell therapy is a new option for treating post-stroke neurological damage, which has become a research hotspot for functional reconstruction of central nervous system injury in recent years, but has not yet been widely used in clinical practice. The results of clinical studies show that stem cell therapy can inhibit the damage of harmful substances to the blood-brain barrier of stroke patients, promote the repair of neural tissues, reduce the degree of cerebral edema, and a variety of neurotrophic factors also have the role of repairing nerve damage. Therefore, stem cell transplantation may be a potential treatment for hemiplegia, especially for patients with a long onset of the disease. However, stem cell-related treatments are not yet mature enough to require further clinical trials and research, and have not yet become clinical treatments, such as the optimal timing for therapeutic intervention of stem cells during the onset of the disease, the amount of stem cells needed, and the source. The treatment of hemiplegia should also be standardized under the guidance of a professional doctor, so as not to make mistakes.