I. Screening A two-stage screening: health care institutions, with the informed consent of the guardians of newborns and informed choice, the initial screening of newborns 2-5 days after birth until discharge, and those who fail to pass the screening within 42 days after birth, should be referred to a tertiary hospital qualified to detect neonatal diseases (hearing). Even if the baby passes the screening, the guardians should be informed to follow up the baby every 6 months for 3 years, and any problems found during the follow up should be referred for diagnosis and treatment. Zhang Daoxing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University II. Diagnosis and evaluation Instrumental evaluation: Infants who fail the reexamination should undergo otolaryngological examination and otoacoustic conduction resistance, otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem evoked potential detection, behavioral audiometry and other related examinations, as well as medical and imaging examinations at 2 to 3 months of age at a tertiary hospital qualified to detect neonatal diseases (hearing), and generally Diagnosis and evaluation are made at 6 months of age to clarify the degree of hearing loss and the site of hearing loss and its possible causes. Treatment and intervention 1. Treatment: Tertiary hospitals with neonatal disease (hearing) testing qualifications are responsible for the treatment of children with diagnosed hearing impairment according to the cause. 2. Hearing compensation or reconstruction: For children diagnosed with sensorineural deafness, tertiary hospitals qualified to detect neonatal diseases (hearing) will guide the children to carry out the following early interventions: (1) Hearing aid selection: For children with partial hearing remaining (mild to severe hearing impairment), appropriate hearing aids will be selected according to the relevant standards for hearing correction; (2) Cochlear implantation: For children with severe hearing impairment, appropriate hearing aids will be selected according to the relevant standards for hearing correction. (2) Cochlear implantation: For children with severe or profound cochlear hearing loss, cochlear implantation can be performed if conditions permit; (3) Hearing and language training: After hearing aids or cochlear implantation, arrange for the child to receive appropriate hearing and language rehabilitation training and home rehabilitation guidance at relevant rehabilitation institutions to promote the development of hearing and language.