Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as prostatic hypertrophy, is a condition in which the prostate gland is located below the bladder, encircling the proximal urethra, with a normal prostate of about 20 grams. Prostate enlargement is associated with old age and functioning testes. Men can have varying degrees of prostate hyperplasia since the age of 35 or more, with clinical symptoms appearing above the age of 50. Common symptoms are frequent urination, frequent night urination, waiting for urine, difficulty in urination, urinary dribbling, feeling of incomplete urination, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, etc. In severe cases, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, hematuria, bladder stones, hydronephrosis, and renal function impairment can occur. Prolonged difficulty in urination can lead to increased abdominal pressure, inguinal hernia, prolapse, hemorrhoids and other complications. BPH will not turn into prostate cancer. When patients with prostate enlargement have no obvious symptoms or mild symptoms that do not affect the quality of life, they can wait for observation and close follow-up. When symptoms worsen, medication is needed. Surgery is required for severe obstruction leading to recurrent urinary retention, recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, bladder stones, hydronephrosis, and renal impairment. Traditional open surgical prostatectomy is less commonly used because of its high trauma and high bleeding; transurethral resection of the prostate, which is widely used in our hospital, is less traumatic, less bleeding, and has precise therapeutic effects, and is also internationally recognized as the gold standard of prostate surgery. Other therapies include laser therapy and transurethral balloon dilatation.