Leukoaraiosis, also known as Leukoaraiosis syndrome and Behçet’s syndrome, is a chronic multisystemic disease with vasculitis as the pathological basis. The main clinical manifestations are recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ophthalmia, and skin damage, and can involve joints, lungs, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and cardiovascular system. Most patients have a good prognosis after leukoaraiosis, but those with ocular, central nervous system and large blood vessel involvement have a poor prognosis. The cause of the disease is not known. Studies have found that the disease may be associated with genetic factors, microbial infections, and immune dysregulation. After the development of leukoaraiosis syndrome, the system involved is not the same for each individual. Diagnosis of leukoaraiosis requires a clinical picture of recurrent oral ulcers, recurrent vulvar ulcers, ocular lesions, skin lesions, and finally a positive pinprick test to make a definitive diagnosis of the disease.