(i) Smoking cessation.
1. Smoking cessation counseling: This includes self-education (reading, audiovisual, and related promotional materials) and individual and group psychological counseling. However, the most effective method is one-on-one counseling between health care workers and smokers, or group counseling consisting of multiple health care workers. Generally speaking, the more counseling sessions, the longer the time, the higher the success rate, generally 4-7 times the most effective.
2. Pharmacological cessation: Currently, nicotine replacement therapy is mainly used. The routes of administration include transoral (chewing gum type), transdermal (paste) and transnasal (aerosol). The combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral counseling is recommended.
(ii) Weight control.
1. Persuade overweight and obese people to reduce their weight by adopting a healthy lifestyle and increasing physical activity to reduce the risk of stroke onset.
2. Target body mass index (BMI) at 18.5C24.0 kg/m2. waist circumference <90cm for men and <80cm for women. BMI calculation method: weight (kg)/height2 (m2).
(iii) Reasonable diet.
Advocate eating more vegetables and fruits, and eating cereals, milk, beans and meat in appropriate amounts to achieve a balance between energy intake and consumption. Limit the intake of red meat, reduce the intake of saturated fat (<10%/d total calories) and cholesterol (<300mg/d); limit the intake of salt (<6g/d).
(iv) Physical exercise.
Increasing regular and moderate physical activity is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Adults should engage in moderate physical activity at least three times a week, with an average of at least 30 minutes of activity per day (such as brisk walking, jogging or other aerobic metabolic exercises, etc.).
(V) Health education.
Objectives.
1.To make people understand the serious hazards of cerebrovascular disease, to draw sufficient attention to it, and to take active preventive measures.
2. To promote the main risk factors and triggering factors of cerebrovascular disease and to know how to prevent them.
3. To understand the main symptoms of stroke and how they should be treated.
Contents.
1. Know your blood pressure.
People with a history of hypertension should have their blood pressure measured frequently so that they can understand changes in their blood pressure, the effect of medication, and whether they need to adjust their medication or dosage. Middle-aged people without a history of hypertension and those younger than 35 years old but with a family history of hypertension should also have their blood pressure measured once every six months to once a year. Once the diagnosis of hypertension is confirmed, that is, non-drug life conditioning or drug treatment should be started, and should be consistent.
2.Regular physical examination.
Regular medical checkups are very necessary health care measures for people over 40 years old. It is generally appropriate to check once a year. You can find out if there are any abnormalities in your heart function, especially if there is atrial fibrillation or ischemic changes. Blood glucose (including postprandial glucose or glucose tolerance test) and lipid levels should also be tested, and abnormalities should be actively treated when found.
3. Change unhealthy lifestyles.
Unhealthy lifestyles include: too little physical activity, irregular rest time, unreasonable intake of dietary nutrients, smoking and heavy drinking, etc. To educate people to pay attention to the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, more physical exercise activities, pay attention to the combination of work and rest. Eat more food with high fiber such as: vegetables, fruits, cereals, potatoes, beans, etc., and eat less salt and high-fat diet. Smoking is certainly harmful to health, more likely to cause cerebrovascular disease, should be determined to completely quit, otherwise not only harm themselves, but also affect the health of others. Drinking alcohol should be moderate and not excessive.
4. Know the following stroke warning symptoms.
(1) Sudden numbness or weakness of one side of the face or limb.
(2) Sudden blurred vision or blindness, especially unilateral.
(3) Loss of speech, difficulty speaking or understanding language.
(4) Sudden onset of severe headache of unknown origin.
(5) Unexplained dizziness, unsteadiness in walking or sudden falls, especially when accompanied by any of the above symptoms.
The duration of the above symptoms may be as short as a few seconds. However, regardless of the duration, if any of the above symptoms occur, you should seek medical attention promptly.