In recent years, cancer has become a common and frequent disease, which seriously threatens human life and health. Pain is a common symptom of cancer patients. The incidence of pain in advanced cancer patients is about 60%~80%, and 1/3 of them are in severe pain. The latest domestic information points out that only 41% of patients with cancer pain in China have been effectively relieved, and only 25% of advanced cancer pain has been effectively relieved. Moreover, cancer pain does not only occur in patients with advanced cancer. Patients with cancer pain may survive for months or years, and they will suffer from cancer pain for a long time if they do not receive proper pain relief treatment. Desperate patients and families who do not receive analgesic treatment for cancer pain may seek informal treatment or even physician-assisted euthanasia as a result. Although China’s efforts to implement the World Health Organization’s three-step cancer pain analgesic treatment principles have begun to bear fruit, there are still many problems due to the large population and uneven development in China, such as a large number of patients still have inadequate analgesia, and many primary care physicians and patients’ families still have doubts about the use of narcotic analgesics. It is necessary to further strengthen the popularization and education of cancer pain, and further promote and improve the standardized pain treatment. Tolerance is a characteristic of Chinese people. For pain, which seems to be a disease but not a disease, the Chinese people take patience as a virtue, and the legend of “Guan Gong scraping the bones to heal the wound” has been passed down as a beautiful story. Under such a specific background, many patients have the misconception that “there is no tumor that does not hurt, especially in advanced stage, pain is inevitable” and “cancer pain treatment is just to take medicine and injections, there is no good way to deal with it”. The majority of cancer pain patients do not receive standardized pain relief treatment and suffer from severe pain in silence through “coping treatment” or no treatment at all. According to some data, about one million cancer patients suffer from cancer pain every day in China, and about 40% of them suffer from severe pain. The one-sided understanding of cancer pain by patients is also closely related to the lagging medical treatment of cancer pain in China. The research on cancer palliative care and pain medicine in China started late and there is a big gap compared with developed countries. Many medical workers have a one-sided understanding of cancer pain and lack effective treatment means. Among tens of thousands of hospitals nationwide, there is still a lack of specialists with theories and techniques of modern palliative medicine and pain medicine, and it is not common to have cancer palliative specialist and pain specialist wards. Many medical workers have one-sided understanding of cancer pain, treating cancer pain as “a symptom, not a disease”, “tolerate it, it can’t be cured anyway”, “treating cancer pain will delay the disease”, and other misunderstandings still prevail. These misunderstandings are still common, which prevent many patients from receiving effective treatment. Cancer pain and treatment have transcended the body of the disease and developed into a social issue from patients, relatives and doctors. Therefore, both doctors and patients should have a clear understanding of it. The elimination of pain is not only a basic human right but also a necessary way to treat cancer. Life is meant to be enjoyed, not endured. Tolerating pain is not a virtue, not a sign of bravery, but a misconception. Cancer pain seriously affects the quality of life and survival, and pain relief treatment is as important as tumor treatment; about 80% of cancer pain can be significantly relieved by regular treatment, and patients can live “pain-free” with dignity, “eliminating pain is the basic human right of patients”! It is proved that tolerating pain not only makes patients feel uncomfortable, but also brings a series of serious effects. For example, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, anxiety, fear, depression, reluctance to interact with others, loss of various body functions, reduced mobility, loss of confidence in life and treatment, etc. The physical, physiological and psychological damage caused by pain not only significantly affects the quality of life of patients, but also affects the implementation and effectiveness of treatment. Some patients lose patience because their pain is not satisfactorily controlled, and they may even give up the chance to cure cancer. This shows the important role of pain removal in cancer treatment. Only by refusing pain and getting rid of it can patients have the courage to face the challenges of the disease. The treatment of cancer pain can not only reduce patients’ pain, but also help improve the quality of life and contribute to the successful completion of anti-cancer treatment. In medical science, although radical anti-cancer treatment itself can control pain, it takes a certain time for pain relief to take effect. Therefore, before radical anti-cancer treatment takes effect, it is also necessary to actively carry out pain relief treatment so that anti-cancer treatment can be completed successfully. In addition, for patients who have lost the chance of radical anti-cancer treatment, pain relief may be the only acceptable treatment for some patients, because pain relief treatment may enable tumor patients to survive with cancer in a pain-free state for a long time and to fight for treatment time and opportunity. In 2002, the World Association for the Study of Pain recognized pain as the “fifth vital sign of human beings” after breathing, pulse, body temperature and blood pressure. “Saving life, relieving pain and restoring function have become the three major functions of medicine. It is also a basic human right of patients to request pain relief during treatment, regardless of the severity of the disease.