Ureteroscopy, a soft endoscope with a front end that can be bent at will, can therefore reach areas within the kidney that are inaccessible to traditional rigid ureteroscopes. Without causing any body surface damage, fiberoptic ureteroscopy can complete lithotripsy of kidney stones through the natural lumen of the body. There are advantages and disadvantages to flexible ureteroscopy for stone extraction. Advantages: It is a surgical procedure that is performed completely through the natural lumen of the human body, which can achieve the true sense of minimally invasive, and has a wide range of indications, fast postoperative recovery, non-invasive surgery, and protection of kidney function. Disadvantages: First of all, it takes a long time to prepare for surgery. “Since the fiber ureteroscope is slightly thicker than the normal ureter, it is necessary to pre-treat the ureteral dilatation before the lithotripsy surgery so that the infected urine can be drained in advance and the endoscope can reach the kidney smoothly during the surgery, so as to avoid ureteral injury, sepsis and other serious diseases in some patients due to ureteral stenosis. sepsis and other serious complications due to ureteral stenosis in some patients. The most effective way to pre-dilate the ureter is to leave a stent in the ureter, which stays in the ureter for 2 weeks or more in order to sufficiently passively dilate the ureter. Secondly, it requires a high level of skill for the surgeon, and when used, a large amount of fluid needs to be injected into the renal pelvis to ensure a clear surgical field of view, resulting in increased pressure in the pelvis causing bacteria to be absorbed by the organism, which may cause postoperative infection. Therefore, it depends on the patient’s condition whether ureteroscopy is good or not, and cannot be generalized.