There are many causes of ureteral stenosis secondary to hydronephrosis, including congenital ureteral stenosis of various segments and post-surgical scar stenosis, etc. The traditional surgical methods are mainly open stenosis segment severing anastomosis and lumpectomy of ureteral stenosis segment, which have the defects of large trauma, inadequate incision and high incidence of restenosis. Since 2010, we have pioneered the use of ureteroscopic balloon dilatation for the treatment of ureteral stenosis due to various reasons, with definite efficacy. The advantages of this procedure are: 1) minimal trauma, no incision and almost no bleeding; 2) suitable for longer stenoses and multiple stenoses and can be treated at once; 3) adequate incision of the stenosis, which is a full ureteral incision, and low incidence of restenosis.