Many urological diseases can cause urinary abnormalities, and common changes include hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, celiac disease, crystalluria and gasuria. 1, hematuria that is, blood in the urine. Normal urine microscopy can see 0~2 red blood cells per high power field of view, after centrifugation of red blood cells per high power field of view, such as more than a 2 that is not normal. The degree of hematuria is determined by the amount of bleeding in the urine. Bleeding, visible to the naked eye, known as hematuria, the color of light pink to dark brown, and even blood clots. When the bleeding is small, the color of the blood can not be seen with the naked eye, only in the microscopic examination of the red blood cells found to exceed the normal figure, known as microscopic hematuria. Clinically, according to the appearance of hematuria in the process of urination is divided into four categories: blood overflow, initial hematuria, terminal hematuria and full hematuria. The urine can be differentiated by the three-cup test. 2, pus urine that is, red blood cells in the urine. The common causes are non-specific infection and specific infection. Nonspecific infections include pyelonephritis, renal pus, cystitis, prostatitis, or abscess, urethritis, and inflammation of neighboring organs (e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease). Common bacteria are Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus. Specific infections are mainly tuberculosis and gonorrhea. Bacteriuria refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine. Quantitative urine bacterial culture should be done to identify whether the bacteria in the urine are infected or contaminated. After aseptic take the first interruption of the morning urine culture, such as the number of bacteria per milliliter of urine in more than 100,000 is considered to be infected; in the 10,000 for the following contamination; seen between 10,000 ~ 100,000, for the suspected infection, this time should be repeated culture. 4, celiac disease refers to the urine contains milky or lymphatic fluid. The urine is milky white, containing fat, protein, red blood cells and fibrinogen. It indicates the presence of urinary lymphatic fistula in the kidney. The common cause is filariasis; others are retroperitoneal tumors, trauma, and tuberculosis. Celiac is easily soluble in ether and this is used to differentiate it from pyuria and crystalluria.