There are many causes of renal acute renal failure, among which renal ischemia and nephrotoxic substances leading to renal tubular epithelial cell injury are the most common, usually called acute tubular injury, other causes include acute interstitial nephritis, glomerular disease (including renal microvascular disease), vascular disease and renal transplantation rejection reaction. Causes of renal acute tubular injury include the application of nephrotoxic drugs by the patient, such as common gentamicin and pantethine-glucosamine contrast agents, etc. In addition, heavy metal poisoning, insecticides, and biotoxicity can also lead to renal acute renal failure. Lesions of the kidney itself can lead to renal acute renal failure, such as nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis. Systemic systemic diseases can also lead to renal acute renal failure, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and so on. Also rhabdomyolysis due to strenuous exercise, crush injuries, burns, etc. can lead to renal acute renal failure. In addition, renal vascular disease and renal transplant rejection can also lead to renal acute renal failure. When renal acute renal failure occurs, one should consult a doctor in time, clarify the cause of the disease under the guidance of a physician, and treat it actively.