Prediabetes is a condition in which glucose regulation is already impaired, including impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The latter refers to a specific metabolic state in which fasting blood glucose is normal but postprandial blood glucose levels are between those of normal individuals and diabetics. The diagnostic criterion is a 2-hour plasma glucose between 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/L in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of 75 g. IGT is now generally considered to be a prediabetic manifestation, which is more pronounced in the development of type 2 diabetes. Disease Description Prediabetes is a state between diabetes and normoglycemia, and is considered a necessary stage of diabetes and an early warning sign of diabetes. Specifically, it is a state in which postprandial blood glucose is between 7.8 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L (i.e. low glucose tolerance), or fasting blood glucose is between 6.1 mmol/L and 7.0 mmol/L (i.e. impaired fasting blood glucose). Risk factors Pre-diabetes is usually asymptomatic and not easily detected. Therefore, the following groups of people at high risk of diabetes should pay attention to monitoring blood glucose from time to time to detect the tendency of elevated blood glucose early: 1. Diabetic patients in the immediate family (e.g. parents, siblings); 2. Age ≥ 45 years; 3. Overweight or obese people – body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25; 4. Low and/or high HDL cholesterol triglyceridemia: HDL cholesterol ≤ 0.90 millimolar per liter (mmol/l), i.e., 35 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl); triglycerides ≥ 2.82 millimolar per liter (mmol/l), i.e., 250 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl); 5, hypertension: systolic blood pressure, i.e., high pressure ≥ 140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and/or diastolic blood pressure, i.e., low pressure ≥ 90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg); 6, suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies, such as common stroke hemiplegia; 7, pregnant women aged ≥ 30 years; those with a history of gestational diabetes; those who have delivered a huge baby (birth weight ≥ 4 kg); those who have had unexplained stalled labor; women with polycystic ovary syndrome; 8, sedentary lifestyle; 9, the use of some special drugs, such as glucocorticoids, diuretics etc. The day before the examination, you must eat dinner, and on the morning of the examination, you must not have fever, cold or other diseases. Check fasting blood sugar first, then take glucose water or starch food orally under the doctor’s instruction, and then test blood sugar two hours later, that is, two hours after meal blood sugar. If one of the fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial blood glucose reaches the range of pre-diabetes, it should be rechecked, and if the result is the same, it can be confirmed as pre-diabetes. If fasting blood glucose exceeds the maximum normal value of 6.1 mmol/L and is lower than the diagnostic standard of 7 mmol/L for diabetes, it is impaired fasting blood glucose; if two-hour postprandial blood glucose exceeds the maximum normal blood glucose value of 7.8 mmol/L and is lower than the diagnostic standard of 11.1 mmol/L for diabetes, it is impaired glucose tolerance. Both of these conditions are pre-diabetes, suggesting that the patient has insulin resistance or islet cell function defect, and needs early intervention through diet and exercise to bring blood glucose back to normal; otherwise, high blood glucose will further aggravate insulin resistance or islet cell function defect, aggravate abnormal glucose metabolism, and eventually may develop into real diabetes. Disease Prevention and Control Pre-diabetes can be prevented and treated. People with prediabetes can prevent the disease from developing into type 2 diabetes by changing their diet and increasing physical activity. People who are pre-diabetic can even get their blood sugar levels back to normal. If you are diagnosed with prediabetes, you should actively start interventions such as diet and exercise, just as people with diabetes do. 1, change bad eating habits, eat less soda, French fries and other high-calorie drinks and food, reduce the intake of rice, steamed buns and other staple foods, and eat more green vegetables. 2, moderate exercise. Start with light activity and gradually increase the amount of activity according to the tolerance of the individual. 3.Actively treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc. 4.If diet and exercise interventions are not effective, appropriate glucose-lowering drugs must be selected for treatment under the guidance of a doctor. Research shows that most people with pre-diabetes can avoid diabetes through timely and reasonable diet and exercise interventions. 5, lifestyle intervention There are many cases that show that patients can stop the progress of pre-diabetes or even reverse it by consuming a healthy diet and adhering to good daily habits. In a large diabetes prevention study of people with high risk factors for type 2 diabetes (including impaired glucose tolerance), it was found that even modest changes in their lifestyle could make a big difference in preventing diabetes and reversing prediabetes in some people. People who participated in the study lost 5-7% of their body weight with 30 minutes of physical activity per day, while reducing their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58%. If you have pre-diabetes, losing excess weight through proper diet and exercise can improve your body’s ability to use insulin while using glucose more efficiently. A dietitian can help you tailor an eating plan. In addition, you should communicate with your primary care physician to check before proceeding with a health plan. Diet and nutrition Diet therapy is the primary treatment for diabetes. A reasonably controlled diet can reduce the burden on the pancreatic islets, correct the metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia that have occurred, while reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and easing the stimulation of the pancreatic islet beta cells, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of various acute complications and improving overall health. 7, exercise exercise experts call exercise and diet to control diabetes “two cornerstones”, only the “cornerstone” is solid, the drug can play the proper effect. It is clear that exercise therapy is one of the important, even essential, means of treating diabetes. Exercise has great benefits for diabetic patients. 8, drug intervention In recent years, many studies at home and abroad have confirmed that, on the basis of diet therapy and exercise therapy, the use of drug intervention methods can be more effective against pre-diabetes. Especially for some people with low glucose tolerance, through the change of lifestyle can not effectively reduce blood sugar, or a momentary difficulty to change the lifestyle of many years of habit, can not adhere to a long-term healthy lifestyle, we should consider drug intervention. Studies have shown that metformin can reduce the risk of the disease by 31%, and insulin sensitizers and acarbose can also intervene in prediabetes. In addition, some herbal medicines that benefit Qi, nourish Yin and invigorate blood can not only delay the conversion of prediabetes into diabetes, but also increase the conversion rate of prediabetics to normal.